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PG. 79 EQ: How are electricity and magnetism related and how does it affect our every day life? PG. 79 ELECTRICITY The movement of electrons from one place to another MAGNETISM A material that has aligned domains with repulsive and attractive forces ELECTRICITY MAGNETISM Electric currents cause magnetism ► How can you tell? Compass needle moves when near electrical current creating a magnetic field ELECTROMAGNET A temporary magnet made by wrapping a wire coil carrying an electric current around an iron core. How to increase the strength of the magnet More coils of wire= more current Increase voltage Add iron to the core https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSmuqLtmuwg Junkyard electromagnet Increasing the strength of the magnetic field (1-weakest, 4 –strongest) 3. Solenoid - A single wire wrapped into a cylindrical wire coil 1. Straight wire 2. Single loop 4. Solenoid with iron core ► Electric motors are used in most household appliances which convert electricity into mechanical energy (motion). How does an electric motor work? How does an electric motor work? Go to the next slide How does an electric motor work? Simple as that!! How a speaker works https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMxn3CPLe-A MAGNETISM ELECTRICITY Moving magnet can generate electricity ► How can you tell? Electromagnetic induction moving a magnet in and out of a coiled wire created an electrical current without a battery https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmWEs5CTQ3Q https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=20Vb6hlLQSg Electricity generation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hajIIGHPeuU Moving a loop of wire through a magnetic field or moving a magnet through a loop of wire produces an electric current. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3Qwf4P6x9w Flashlight https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqdOyxJZj0U Pipe and magnet A generator is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction. Dilbert Maglev Trains ► Maglev trains are the new way to travel. It uses both magnets and electricity to cause a train to “levitate” above the track (and reduce the resistance of friction). ► Video: ► https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaElPV0FWJ0 Changing Voltage ► Transformers work by the ratio of coils to change voltage: Changing magnetic field strength: If you have more coils on the output side than the input side, then you increase voltage. If you have less coils on the output side, then you decrease voltage. Video: ► https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQQ-mgjCpn8 SUMMARY OF E & M E = Electricity and M = Magnetism are related!! ELECTRICITY • Both can cause each other ► Can be + or - ► Can flow (current) ► Can jump (static) • Likes repel MAGNETISM ► Can NOT have only 1 pole ► Can be Normal (N) or Reversed (S) pole ► Can move through field ► Causes sun spots, flares, CME • Opposites attract Closing Task ►Differentiate between an electromagnet and electromagnetic induction. How are both used in your every day lives ► An electric motor is a device which converts electricity to mechanical energy. ► An electromagnet turns inside of a permanent magnet. By changing the direction of the current, the poles will keep switching between N and S, and therefore cause the electromagnet to continually rotate. ► Electric generators do just the opposite. They convert mechanical energy into electricity. ► They do this through a process of electromagnetic induction. This is where an electric current is generated by manually varying a magnetic field. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_aTC0iKO68