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Science Chapter F1 Study Guide Electricity and Magnetism Vocabulary charge Measurement of an object’s extra positive or negative particles. circuit Path made for an electric current. electric cell Supplies energy to move charges through a circuit. conductor Material that electric current can pass through easily, such as copper wire. electric current Flow of electric charges. electric field Space around an object where electric forces occur. electromagnet Arrangement of wire wrapped around a core. Insulator Material that electric current cannot easily pass through. magnet Object that attracts things made of iron or steel. magnetic fields Space around a magnet where the force of the magnet acts. magnetic poles Ends of a magnet. parallel circuit Circuit with more than one path for electric current. resistor Material that resists but doesn’t stop the flow of electric current. series circuit Circuit with one path for electric current static electricity Charge that stays on an object A bar magnet’s pull is strongest at both poles. An electromagnet can be controlled by turning the current on and off, adding coils of wire around the core, or increasing or decreasing the amount of current. When two objects have like charges, then repel each other. Electricity and magnetism are alike because they both produce a force that can pull or push things without touching them. They both have opposite states: electricity has positive and negative, and magnetism has north-seeking and south-seeking. In both, opposite states attract and same states repel. An object has a negative charge if it has more negative particles than positive particles. Magnets attract each other at opposite poles. Electromagnets in motors are used to cause motion. The earth is like a giant magnet, and the compass has a magnet in its needle. The north-seeking pole of the compass magnet is attracted to the Earth’s North Pole. This makes the compass needle point north. In a series circuit, if one bulb burns out, then none of the bulbs will light.