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11080238H VascularScreeningPatientEducationBrochure_Layout 1 9/13/11 2:57 PM Page 1 Stony Brook University Medical Center improves the lives of our patients, families, and communities, educates skilled healthcare professionals, and conducts research that expands clinical knowledge. With a team of exceptional healthcare professionals and advanced technology, Stony Brook is Long Island’s premier academic medical center. It serves as the region’s only tertiary care center and Level 1 Trauma Center, and is home to the Stony Brook University Cancer Center, the Stony Brook Long Island Children’s Hospital, the Heart Center, the Institute for Advanced Neurosciences and the Gastroenterology Program. Stony Brook University Medical Center fully embraces patient and family centered care, and considers our patients to be integral members of the healthcare team. StonyBrookHeartCenter.org Vascular Disease Screenings THREE SIMPLE TESTS THAT DETECT VASCULAR DISEASE AND CAN SAVE YOUR LIFE. ascular diseases are conditions that affect the blood vessels—arteries and veins—that carry blood throughout the body. Vascular disease that affects the arteries is most often caused by atherosclerosis, a process resulting from a buildup of fatty deposits (plaque) on the inner lining of the arteries. As the buildup progresses, blood flow can become restricted or the artery may dilate and become aneurysmal. V Narrowing or blockages of arteries can occur in the arteries near the heart (cardiovascular disease), or in arteries farther from the heart, such as those in the arms, legs and the brain. Those with the following risk factors will benefit most from screening: • Current or past smoker • Diabetes • High blood pressure • High cholesterol • Personal or family history of vascular or heart disease, aortic aneurysm or stroke THREE SIMPLE TESTS THAT DETECT VASCULAR DISEASE AND CAN SAVE YOUR LIFE. ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS (AAA) Stony Brook University/SUNY is an affirmative action, equal opportunity educator and employer. This publication can be made available in an alternate format upon request. Produced by the Office of Communications 11080238H The most common forms of vascular disease are abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), carotid artery disease and peripheral arterial disease (PAD)—all serious and life threatening, often occurring “silently” without any symptoms. That’s why early detection and treatment are crucial. CAROTID ARTERY DISEASE PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE (PAD) 11080238H VascularScreeningPatientEducationBrochure_Layout 1 9/13/11 2:57 PM Page 2 ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS CAROTID ARTERY DISEASE Nearly 200,000 Americans are diagnosed with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) annually, and approximately 15,000 individuals die each year from a ruptured AAA. ischemic attacks or TIAs are mini strokes that cause temporary symptoms and are strong predictors of future and more severe strokes. Carotid artery disease is detected and its severity can be assessed by a duplex ultrasound examination. The aorta is the largest artery of the body, which, through its multiple branches, delivers oxygen-rich blood to the entire body. An AAA occurs when the wall of the aorta progressively weakens and begins to bulge. Depending on the severity of the disease, treatment options may include medications, carotid stenting or open carotid endarterectomy. The normal diameter of the abdominal segment of PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE the aorta is 2 cm or 0.8 inches. An AAA can continue to enlarge without causing any symptoms. If it is not diagnosed and is left untreated, it may eventually rupture, causing significant internal bleeding and possibly death. Diagnosis requires an abdominal ultrasound or a CT scan. AAAs can be safely treated with early diagnosis. The risk of rupture increases with the size of the aneurysm, and when the diameter exceeds 5.5 cm (2.2 inches), elective repair is required. Smaller size aneurysms can be safely monitored with regular ultrasound examinations. When repair of the AAA is required, treatment options include placement of an endovascular stent graft or open surgical replacement of the aneurysm. Early detection and elective repair prevent rupture and can save a person’s life. Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of permanent disability in older adults in the U.S. Most Americans are unaware of the causes and consequences of peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, early detection and proper treatment can prevent the devastating complications of this disease. The carotid arteries are two main arteries that carry oxygen-rich blood from your heart, up through your neck to your brain. Typically with age, a cholesterol-rich plaque builds up within the carotid arteries, causing them to become narrow and stiffen. An estimated 8 to 12 million Americans suffer from peripheral artery disease, a narrowing or blockage of the arteries in the legs, reducing blood flow to the lower extremities. PAD is the result of atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque. Strokes result either from obstruction of blood flow through the carotid arteries or when pieces of the plaque break off and flow to the brain. If left untreated, carotid artery disease may lead to stroke. Depending on its severity, a stroke can cause temporary or permanent disability and even death. There may be no symptoms during the early stages of carotid artery disease. Transient It affects about one in 20 Americans over the age of 50 and nearly one in five Americans over the age of 70. PAD can reduce mobility and increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, aneurysm or even death if left untreated. Your arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all of your organs and tissues. Peripheral arteries carry blood to your arms and legs. Typically with age, the peripheral arteries build up a cholesterol-rich plaque that causes your arteries to narrow or obstruct and limit the blood flow to the legs. If left untreated, PAD can cause pain in the legs, difficulty walking, resting pain of the foot at night, non-healing sores or infections of the feet, and in its most severe form, limb loss. Diagnosis of PAD is based on physical exam and arterial ultrasound, and is important because PAD is associated with other serious conditions that predispose you to heart attacks and strokes. Depending on the severity of your condition, treatment options for PAD may include lifestyle changes, medications, minimally invasive interventions such as angioplasty and stenting, or open bypass surgery. . FOR MORE INFORMATION To refer a patient or schedule an appointment, call the Division of Vascular Surgery at (631) 444-1279. To learn more about Stony Brook University Medical Center and its many services, or for physician referrals and appointment scheduling, call (631) 444-4000 or visit StonyBrookMedicalCenter.org.