Download Tips Packet part 2 - Doral Academy Preparatory School

4/20/2017
Ways to do your Best!
Test taking tips
Reducing test anxiety
Adapted from www.kidshealth.org
General Tips
1. Get enough sleep before the test
2. Listen closely to all directions
3. Read through the section you are being tested on
4. Relax
5. Double check your answers
FCAT TEST TAKING TIPS
Ways to Improve your Testing Strategy
Essay Exam Tips
Organize your thoughts in a brief outline
Look for key word: compare, contrast, describe, and
identify
Remember to keep your focus and answer only the
question
Topic Sentence, Definitions of key words, how they
relate to each other, and a concluding sentence
Multiple Choice Test Tips
Think of your own answer before looking at choices
Eliminate clearly wrong answers
Use your best guess if you get stuck between 2
answers
Don’t focus on the amount of questions, take it one
question at a time
Stick with your 1st guess
Relax your mind by taking a deep breath
Hold your pencil loosely and not too tight
Pace yourself so that you don’t speed through
If you use the restroom, remember to not get
distracted because the time out of the classroom is
not given back to you
Think positively you will do great! : )
Read through the formula/reference sheet so that
you are familiar with the information
Read directions carefully so that all parts of the
question are answered
Answer the easier questions first so you can focus on
the more difficult ones later
Do you remember???
How to Reduce Testing Anxiety
Tips for the Math Section
What types of organisms perform photosynthesis?
Why is photosynthesis essential for plants?
Cellular Respiration
Its how our cells release energy from food!
BrainPOP: Cellular Respiration
What are the reactants (what goes in)?
What are the products (what goes out)?
Which plant organelle is the site of
photosynthesis?
If animals don’t do photosynthesis, how do they
get glucose?
Which organelle releases energy from food?
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Cellular Respiration
This process happens in
BOTH
Why do plants and animals BOTH
need to do cellular respiration?
Animals need to release energy from food they
eat!
The process by which cells
release
from glucose (sugar).
PLANT and ANIMAL
Plants need to release energy from the food they
make!
cells!
Do you think this process happens in
plants, animals or both?
There are other molecules involved in
cellular respiration….
Which organelle is the
main site of respiration?
(Hint: they are the same ones involved in photosynthesis)
Glucose is the most common
sugar found in food!
O2
H2O
The mitochondria!!
C6H12O6
Besides glucose, what else do cells
use for cellular respiration?
CO2
Two Stages
of Cellular
Respiration
Use your
textbooks…
page 382!
Oxygen
energy
oxygen
Stage 1:
Stage 2:
In the cytoplasm
In the mitochondria
How do we get oxygen?
Glucose is broken
down into smaller
molecules
Breathing
food
breathing
A small amount of
energy is released
The smaller molecules
react and produce
carbon dioxide, water
and large amounts of
energy.
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What are the reactants and products
of cellular respiration?
Cellular Respiration Equation
Compare and Contrast:
Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis
This energy is also
known as ATP!
C6H12O6 + 6O2
glucose
+
oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
carbon dioxide
+ water
+
Photosynthesis
Reactants (what goes in)
Reactants
energy
Products (what comes out)
Is matter
conserved after
this chemical
reaction?
Products
Organelle in which it
occurs
Type of organism
Create a Venn Diagram
to compare and contrast
Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
Cellular
Respiration
light energy, CO2, H2O
glucose, O2
chloroplasts
producers such as
plants and algae
glucose, O2
energy, CO2, H2O
mitochondria
both plants and animals
Exit Slip
“P”= Photoysnthesis only
“C”= Cellular respiration only
Description
1. Releases energy from food
Cellular
Respiration
Photosynthesis
both
2. Converts sunlight into chemical energy
(food) for the organism
3. Performed by autotrophs (plants) only
Answers
C
P
P
4. Produces carbon dioxide
C
5. Produces glucose and oxygen
P
6. Occurs in the chloroplast
P
7. Occurs in the mitochondrion
C
8. Uses glucose and oxygen
C
9. Uses sunlight, water and carbon
dioxide
P
10. Performed by both autotrophs (plants)
and heterotrophs (animals)
C
Water Cycle
The water cycle involves the processes of
evaporation, condensation, precipitation,
transpiration, percolation and runoff.
Percolation
BrainPOP: Water Cycle
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What are decomposers?
Carbon Cycle
CO2
Producers take in
CO 2 during
photosynthesis.
photosynthesis.
Plants and animals
release CO 2 to the
atmosphere during
cellular respiration.
respiration.
When fossil fuels
are burned , CO22 is
released into the
atmosphere.
Organisms that break down dead plant and
animal matter.
Ex: bacteria, fungi, earthworms
CO2
The process by which carbon moves
between organisms and their physical
environment.
BrainPOP: Carbon Cycle
CO2 CO2
CO2
CO2
Consumers take in
carbon when they
eat plants or other
animals.
When plants and animals die,
decomposers break down
their remains, releasing CO 2
into the atmosphere and soil.
After millions of
years of being
buried in the
Earth, dead plant
and animal matter
becomes fossil
fuels (oil/coal).
Other natural ways carbon is released into
the atmosphere…
Volcanic eruptions and forest fires
Carbon sinks
(absorbers)
Carbon sources
(releasers)
Plants
Animals
Ocean
Decomposers
Atmosphere
Volcanic activity
Soil
Deforestation
Burning fossil fuels
How humans affect
the
carbon cycle…
Burning fossil fuels is
releasing more carbon
into the atmosphere.
Deforestation removes
trees that absorb carbon
and the fire releases
carbon dioxide.
So, more carbon is being
released now than is being
absorbed!!
Adventures of Carbon Dude
Exit Slip (carbon cycle)
1. During the carbon cycle, by which process do
producers (plants) obtain carbon from their
environment?
2. How do consumers (animals) get the carbon they
need?
Oxygen Cycle
The process by which oxygen is recycled
through ecosystems.
3. When organisms die, what other type of organism
breaks down their remains to return carbon into
the soil and air?
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The ocean also plays a BIG role in the
carbon and oxygen cycles!
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
Plants produce
and release
oxygen during
photosynthesis
Questions
4. Explain how the cycles work together to keep a
balance of oxygen and carbon on Earth.
O2
Animals take in
O 2 from air or
water
There is 50 times MORE carbon in
the ocean than in the atmosphere!
Marine plants (such as algae) are responsible
for producing HALF the oxygen that we breathe!
Nitrogen Cycle
The process by which nitrogen is recycled
in an ecosystem.
“Free” nitrogen
falls to the
Earth in
precipitation
What is the source of
energy for all cycles in nature?
Free nitrogen is converted into a
usable form by bacteria on plant
roots in a process called nitrogen
fixation.
Decomposers return nitrogen
to the atmosphere and soil
through waste and decay.
The usable nitrogen
can now be
absorbed by the
plants
BrainPOP: Nitrogen Cycle
Animals get nitrogen from eating the plants or
by eating other animals that ate the plants
Cell Structure
Organelles and their Functions
5. Describe what must happen to nitrogen gas
(“free” nitrogen) before organisms are able to use it.
BrainPOP: Cell Structures
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Prokaryotic Cell vs. Eukaryotic Cell
Parts of a Cell
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
• Have a nucleus with DNA
• Larger
• Do not have a nucleus,
DNA is floating around.
• Smaller
Ex: Plants and Animals
Ex: bacteria
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
-nucleus
-cytoplasm
-cell membrane
-vacuole
Mitochondria
-mitochondria
-chloroplast
Vacuole
-ribosomes
Ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi body
-endoplasmic reticulum(ER)
-cell wall
Chromosomes
Nucleus
CELL MEMBRANE
“Blueprint” or “Instruction manual”
“City Hall”
“The Security Guard”
are found inside the nucleus
Controls all of the
cellular activities
-chloroplasts
controls what goes in and out of the cell
holds the cell together
carry information that directs the cell’s
activities
Contains chromosomes with DNA
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria
“Power plant”
Takes in nutrients, breaks
them down
Releases energy the cell can use
to live and function.
“Mighty”
Mitochondria
“Fedex”
Manufactures, packages and transports
materials throughout the cell.
Two different types:
Smooth ER
Rough ER
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53
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CYTOPLASM
“The ground”
A gel-like substance that fills the cell
Where organelles are found.
Vaculoes
“Storage Tanks/Warehouse”
• Stores food, water, wastes and other materials.
• Vacuoles are BIGGER in plant cells because of the
water storage.
• They also support the plant cell.
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Ribosomes
“Factories or Construction Sites”
Make proteins
Can be attached to ER or floating
Chloroplast (plant cells only)
“Solar power plant”
• Contain chlorophyll (green pigment)
•Where photosynthesis takes place—they make
glucose (sugar that plants use as food)!
Cell Wall (plant cells only)
“City Walls”
In plant cells, the cell wall:
Protects it
Supports it
Helps maintain it’s shape
Located outside the
cell membrane
Earth in Space and Time
The Universe
• Big Bang Theoryhttp://www.brainpop.com/science/space/bigbang/
Earth & Space FCAT Review
STUDENTS TAKE OUT A PIECE OF
PAPER TO TAKE NOTES
• Universe- galaxies- solar system-sun-planets
– The universe contains billions of galaxies
– EACH galaxy contains billions of stars (our milky way has 200
billion stars our sun is 1 of them)
• -Milky way galaxy -120,000 light yrs in diameter
– Bound by gravity
• Contains star clusters
• -Closest Galaxy –Canis Major 25,000 light yrs
• Closest spiral galaxy -Andromeda- 2.5 million light years
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Galaxies
Artistic Representation of Milky
Way Galaxy
• Galaxies are large-scale groups of stars bound
together by gravitational attraction.
• 3 Major types of Galaxies
1. Spiral Galaxies
2. Elliptical Galaxies
3. Irregular Galaxies
• Our Sun is a star in the Milky Way Galaxy, a
Spiral Galaxy.
Objects in solar system
KUIPER BELT
• Nebula=Birthplace of Stars,
cloud of gas held together
by gravity
• Sun (stars)=ball of gas
OORT CLOUD
• Comets=made if ice,dust,gas, as it
nears the sun has a tail because of
gas evaporating & originate in Oort
Cloud or Kuiper Belt
Objects in solar system
• -Terrestrial Planets…..4 inner planets closest
to sun, made of rock & metal
• Mercury, venus, earth, mars
• -Gas Giants… 4 outer planets, made of gas
and liquid
• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Objects in solar system
• planets =orbits a star, spherical, clear orbit
– Moons= orbit planets
– Dwarf planets…small, orbits a star, is spherical,
HAS not cleared its orbit (exa. Pluto, Ceres)
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Smaller objects in Space
• Asteroids= small rocks, in asteroid belt, orbit the
sun, smaller than a planet, not bigger than an
meteroid, irregualr in shape
Length of Day and Year on Planets
Smaller objects in Space
• Meteoroids= rock that moves through space
– Meteor- When its burning in our atmosphere
– Meteorite- if it touches the ground
• https://www.brainpop.com/science/space/a
steroids/
• STOP AFTER VIDEO
SC.8.E.5.3 –Size of astronomical
bodies
• Planets are Enormous in sizes and distances
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7geP5e
v0VI
• YOU don’t even know what BIG is
Distance in space (AU –Light year)
• the nearest star, and you know it’s 4.3 lightyears (Proxima Centauri)
• Light is moving at a rate of 670,616,629 miles
per hour
• It only takes 8 minutes to get to the Sun, and
just a few hours to reach the outer planets.
• Over the course of a year, light travels
5.87849981 x 1012 miles. Written out, that’s
5,878,499,810,000 miles= 1 year
Distance in space (AU –Light year)
• AU= Astronomical Unit ----Only used for measuring
distances in our solar system
• distance from Earth to the Sun, 93 million miles= 1 AU
• Planet
Distance from Sun in AU
• Mercury
0.39
• Venus
0.72
• Earth
1.0
• Mars
1.5
• Jupiter
5.2
• Saturn
9.5
• Uranus
19.2
• Neptune
30.1
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SC.8.E.5.3SC.8.E.5.3-Distance to stars
• The distance to nearby stars can be
determined by parallaxes.
• To see what this is, hold a finger upwards in
front of your nose, a few centimeters away,
and look at it first only with the left eye
closed, and then with the right eye closed.
Historical models
• Heliocentric Model
• -”helio” means sun (sun-centered
Keplers Laws of Planetary Motion
• 1st- planetary orbits are elliptical shaped
– Planets revolve around the sun counterclockwise
– Not the same speed
Historical Models
• Geocentric Model
• -“geo” means earth (earth-centered)
• 2nd –when a planets orbit is closer to the sun,
the planets speed INCREASES and vice versa
• 3rd- The greater the distance the longer the
PERIOD( full revolution)
Stars
• Almost 90% of stars are Made of Hydrogen
and Helium
• Largest stars are Super Giants, Giants, Main
Sequence, Dwarfs
• COLOR OF STARS = TEMPERATURE
• Hottest to coolest• Blue, white, yellow, Orange, red
HertzsprungHertzsprung-Russell Diagram
Stars Brightness
• The H-R Diagram graphs the surface
temperatures of stars against their absolute
magnitudes
• Most stars are called Main-Sequence Stars,
including the sun and other stars in the night
sky
• Cool, large, bright stars are Giants or
Supergiants
• Hot, small, dim stars are White Dwarfs
• Depends on SIZE and TEMPERATURE
• APPARENT MAGNITUDE(brightness) –What is appears to
us from earth
• 1 represents the brightest down to 6 represents the
faintest
• -depends on earths distance from the star
• ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE (brightness)- How bright it truly is
• Brightness the star is have if viewed from a standard
distance of 32.6 light years
• luminosity — the amount of energy (light) that a star
emits from its surface.
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STAR QUIZ
• http://www.space.com/21640-starluminosity-and-magnitude.html
Interaction of Sun & Earth
• Seasons, WINTER
Spring/Neap tide
BRAIN POP
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/weather/
seasons/
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsyst
em/solsticeandequinox/
Strand E – Earth and Space
Law of Universal Gravitation
• Newtons Law
• ALL objects attract each other with a force of
gravitational attraction. Gravity is universal
goes beyond earth.
• This force of gravitational attraction is
directly dependent upon the masses of both
objects
Interaction of Moon on Earth
Tide – the daily rise and fall of water level
Caused by the gravitational pull of
the moon and sun on the
oceans
Spring Tide – high tides are higher
and low tides are lower when
the sun and moon are lined up
with the earth (full and new
moon)
Neap Tide – high tides are lower
and low tides are higher when
the sun and moon are at right
angles to each
Solar Eclipse
• Solar Eclipse
– When moon passes between Earth and sun
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Strand E – Earth and Space
Lunar Eclipse
EARTH STRUCTURES
• Lunar Eclipse
– When Earth passes between sun and moon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LH7E_V57
oNc
ROCK cycle
• Earth is built up by
• Torn down by
• -weathering, erosion, deposition
Age of the earth
• Law of superposition
– Folding and faulting
• Radioactive dating
• -fossil records
Plate Tectonics
• Volcanic Eruptions
• Earthquakes= flow of heat underground
• Mountain Building
Theory of Plate Tectonics
Layers of the Earth
•
•
•
•
Lithosphere
Mantle
Outer (liquid) core
Inner (solid) core
Earth’s Spheres
•
•
•
•
•
Geosphere
Hydrosphere
Cryosphere
Atmosphere
Biosphere
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Layers of Atmosphere
• Ozone protects us and insulates us
• Function of each layer
Effects of CO2
• Global warming, ozone hole
Weather vs Climate
• Climate is “average temperature in 1930 was
74 F”
• Weather is daily or weekly
– Heavy rain tomorrow bring an umbrella
• Hurricanes, tornados, lightning, fronts
precipitation
Energy from the Sun
Radiant Energy
Convection
• Atmosphere
• Hydrosphere
• Geosphere (mantle)
Wind Patterns
• Jet stream/Gulf Stream
• How ocean currents influence local weather
Ocean Currents
sinkholes
• Gulf Stream provides mild
winters in France
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Wind erosion
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