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Joint • ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ The Joints • Fibrous –Fibrous joints connect ____________ without allowing any _______________. The bones of your __________ and ___________ are held together by fibrous joints. The Joints • Cartilaginous –Cartilaginous joints are joints in which the bones are ____________ by cartilage. These joints allow for only a little _____________, such as in the ___________ or ribs. The Joints • Synovial – Synovial joints allow for much more ______________ than cartilaginous joints. ____________ between bones in synovial joints are filled with ____________ ____________. This fluid helps _____________ and _____________ the bones. ___________ sacks contain* the synovial fluid. III. Types of movement A. B. C. D. E. F. Flexion Extension Rotation Abduction Adduction Circumduction A. Flexion • a bending movement around a joint in a limb (as the knee or elbow) that ___ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ B. Extension • an unbending movement around a joint in a limb (as the knee or elbow) that C. Rotation • D. Abduction • ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ E. Adduction • ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ Abduct – Adduct – F. Circumduction • movement of a limb or extremity so that the ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ IV. Movement Around Axes A.______________ B. ______________ C. ______________ D.______________ A. Nonaxial • Bone movement that is not around an axis plane joint: _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ Uniaxial • The movements (__________/__________) are all in _____ plane and around _____ axis, the joints are ______________. Biaxial • Since bones can move in _______ planes: _______ to _______ and _______ and ________ movements the joints are _____________. Multiaxial • The movements are allowed in _____ axes and planes: ___________/extension, adduction/_____________, circumduction and _____________. These joints are ______________. http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/BALLSOCK.MOV Muscles, Bones, and Movement Putting the “Operation” in cooperation Seven Golden Rules of Muscle Activity 1. Muscles get ___________ as they ____________. 2. Muscles _________ at least one __________. 3. The bulk of the muscle lies ____________ to the joint crossed. 4. ____ muscles have an _________ and _________. 5. During _____________, the ____________ moves toward the ____________. 6. Muscles ONLY _______; they NEVER _______. 7. Muscles work in _________. Muscles Get ….. Smaller as they Contract. Try it with your bicep!!! Muscles Cross at Least One Joint • Think ________________!! • How can muscles effect movement if they don’t cross a joint? • Where does the bulk of the muscle lie? Î All Muscles Have an Insertion and an Origin • Insertion = ________ moveable attachment • Origin = ________ moveable attachment • Insertion is usually ______________. • Origin is usually _______________. • Insertion moves ___________ origin during muscle contraction. Muscles Only Pull So how do they effect flexion AND extension? Abduction AND Adduction? ______________________________!!! _____________= the muscle with MAJOR responsibility for effecting a ______________. _____________ = the opposing muscle responsible for the _______________ movement. Muscles Work in Pairs • A muscle can be both a prime mover and an antagonist. • Name some prime mover‐antagonist pairs. • ___________ and ___________ • ___________ and ___________ • ___________ and ___________ • And there are more!!! Remember From Last Class….. Joint • the movable or fixed place or part where two bones of a skeleton join. The Joints • Fibrous – Fibrous joints connect bones without allowing any movement. The bones of your skull and pelvis are held together by fibrous joints. The union of the spinous processes and vertebrae are fibrous joints. The Joints • Cartilaginous – Cartilaginous joints are joints in which the bones are attached by cartilage. These joints allow for only a little movment, such as in the spine or ribs. The Joints • Synovial – Synovial joints allow for much more movement than cartilaginous joints. Cavities between bones in synovial joints are filled with synovial fluid. This fluid helps lubricate and protect the bones. Bursa sacks contain* the synovial fluid. Joints • Synovial membrane – Composed of soft areolar connective tissue. • Bursa – flattened fibrous sacs found where bones, tendons, and ligaments come together. Function? • Benefit of synovial fluid?? Benefits of Synovial Fluid • Reduces Friction • Protects the bone Tendons and Ligaments • Tendons – Attach ___________ to bone • Ligaments – Attach ___________ to bone. • Form follows function???
