Download Grammar Review - Saugerties Central School

Grammar Review
FINAL 2015
Noun
A person, place, thing, or idea
Example:
pen, dog, work, music, town, London, teacher, John
Action Verb
An action verb is a verb that expresses physical or
mental action. The action verb tells us what the
subject of our clause or sentence is doing-physically
or mentally.
Example:
do, like, work, sing, can, must
Linking Verb
A linking verb connects the subject with a word that gives
information about the subject, such as a condition or
relationship.
They do not show any action; but, they link the subject
with the rest of the sentence. For example, in the
sentence "They are a problem," the word "are" is the
linking verb that connects "they" and "problem" to show
the relationship between the two words.
Examples of Linking verbs
 William is excited about his promotion.
 She appears upset about the announcement.
 The eggs smell rotten.
 He went red after tripping on the rug.
 Your plans for the wedding sound nice.
 You look exhausted after studying all night.
 I am putty in his hands.
Linking Verbs
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Is
Are
Was
Were
Has
become
Could have come
Shall be
Will be
Will have been
Had seemed
Should have been
Adjective
Describe a noun
Example: some, good, big, red, interesting
Adverb
Describes a verb
Example:
quickly, silently, well, badly, very, really
Pronoun
Stands in for a noun
Example: I, you, he, she, we, they, your
Preposition
Gives direction
Example:
to, at, after, on, before, around, over, of, in, for, with,
throughout, from, beneath
Conjunctions:
Joins words, clauses, and sentences
Conjunction
 For - Explains reason or purpose (just like “because”)
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I go to the park every Sunday, for I love to watch the ducks on the lake.
And - Adds one thing to another
I go to the park every Sunday to watch the ducks on the lake and the people
playing soccer.
Nor - Used to present an alternative negative idea to an already stated negative idea
I don’t go for the fresh air nor really for the ducks. Honestly, I just like the soccer.
But - Shows contrast
The soccer in the park is entertaining in the winter, but it’s better in the heat of
summer.
Or - Presents an alternative or a choice
The men play on teams: red or yellow uniforms.
Yet - Introduces a contrasting idea that follows the preceding idea logically (similar
to “but”)
I always take a book to read, yet I never seem to turn a single page.
So - Indicates effect, result or consequence
I’ve started working at the field, so now I have an excuse to watch the game each
week.
So….
Conjunctions = FANBOYS
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
Interjection
Interjection is an exclamation inserted into an
utterance. An interjection is essentially almost any
word in English that you can insert into a sentence to
convey emotions.
Example:
“Darn! That hurt.”
Write me one sentence (using 8 parts of speech)
to describe what this baby is doing.
Direct Object
Every sentence needs a noun and a verb. "Henry
plays" is a complete sentence. If we add the word
"football" to the sentence, the sentence now has a
direct object. In the sentence "Henry plays football,"
the direct object is "football." A direct object is a
noun or a pronoun that the verb in the sentence does
something to. The direct object of the verb "plays" is
"football." It's the object of the verb.
Examples of a Direct Object
Bob hit the ball.
Mary drove the car to the store.
Jack married Jill last year.
http://www.myschoolhouse.com/courses/O/1/53.asp
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i49Yy9iODqY
Indirect Object
An indirect object is a noun, pronoun, or word
group that answers the question ''to whom?'' or ''for
whom?'' after the action verb. An indirect object
precedes a direct object in the sentence
Examples of Indirect Object
In each sentence, the indirect object is italicized, and
the direct object is underlined.
Mr. Higgins gave Penny an award. (To whom was the
award given?—Penny)
Laura gave us a challenging problem. (To whom did
Laura give the challenging problem?—us)
Their efforts earned them a handsome reward.
(Earned a handsome reward for whom?—them)
Can Harold purchase his mother a new home?
(Purchase a new home for whom?—his mother)
Object of the Preposition
The words that follow a preposition are called the
object of the preposition
Examples of Object of Preposition
Examples:
The cat ran under the car.(The words the car are the
object of the preposition under.)
Can you give this parcel to him tomorrow?(The word
him is the object of the preposition to.)
Predicate Noun
A predicate noun completes a linking verb and renames the
subject. It is a complement or completer because it completes
the verb. Predicate nouns complete only linking verbs. The
linking verbs include the following: the helping verbs is, am,
are, was, were, be, being, and been; the sense verbs look,
taste, smell, feel, and sound; and verbs like become, seem,
appear, grow, continue, stay, and turn.
The verb in a sentence having a predicate noun can always be
replaced by the word equals. Examples: Mr. Johanson is a
teacher. Mr. Johanson equals a teacher. Mr. Johanson is a
father. Mr. Johanson equals a father. Mr. Johanson is my
neighbor. Mr. Johanson equals my neighbor.
Examples:
Find the verb, subject, and predicate nominatives in
these sentences.
Mr. Smith is a doctor.
My son became a professional soccer player.
Mary Smith may be our next president.
J. K. Rowling is an excellent author.
Wind turbines are an alternative source of power.
Madonna is a great singer.
For the next twenty years, we remained friends.
Predicate Adjective
Since you now understand predicate nouns, you may
be interested to learn a bit about predicate
adjectives. Adjectives modify nouns, which includes
describing them and giving more information about
them, like their composition, their origin, your
opinion of them and their purpose.
…Predicate Adjective
A predicate adjective is very similar to a predicate
noun in that it completes the predicate and follows
an intransitive verb.
Instead of renaming the subject, it modifies it or gives
it more detail.
Examples of Predicate Adjectives
Antarctica is cold, barren and frozen.
My recipe is French.
The dancers were agile, energetic and beautiful.
During the storm, driving became difficult.
Her performance was phenomenal.
She was sad, alone and miserable.
We are under-paid.
 http://www.schools.manatee.k12.fl.us/webdisk/581
BDIETCH/homework/pronouns/predicate_pronoun
s.cwk__wp_.pdf
Example
Sarah walked to the store, and, wow! was it raining.
She walked very quickly since she didn’t want to
damage her red jacket.