Download 4.3 Exploring the Modern Periodic Table

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4.3 Exploring the Modern Periodic Table
pp. 108-109
As scientists discovered new
they recorded the physical and chemical
properties of each. Next, they tried to come up with an organized list of these elements. The best
arrangement of elements was produced by a Russian scientist by the name of Dmitri Mendeleev. He
found that organizing elements in order of their atomic
did not always
work. He concluded that the best way was organizing the elements by the number of protons in the
. When organized by their atomic numbers,
nucleus – the
patterns of similar physical properties were seen.
Purpose:
1. What trends in properties can we observe when the elements are arranged into the periodic
table by atomic number?
2. How does the arrangement of elements in the periodic table relate to the arrangement of
electrons in the atoms?
Procedure:
Follow the procedure steps explained in the textbook on pages 108 – 109.
Record your observations for each step in the section below.
Procedure
Step #
Observations
a)
1
b)
2
3
Atomic number
Element name
Element Symbol
Element Name
Element Symbol
Atomic mass
a)
b)
c)
d)
a)
b)
c)
d)
4
5
Property
a) element with the highest
melting temperature
b) element with the lowest
melting temperature
Exploring the Modern Periodic Table.doc
Quantity
Element name
Symbol
Name: ______________________________
5
Class # ________
Property
c) element with the greatest
density
d) element with the lowest
density
Date: _____________________
Quantity
Element name
Page : ________
Symbol
6. Elements in the first column of the periodic table are: H, Li, Na, and K
Draw the Bohr-Rutherford diagrams for these four elements below
H
Li
Na
K
a) How is the electron arrangement similar for these four elements? (Hint: look at the outer shell)
b) The elements Rb, and Cs are also in the first column of the periodic table. How many electrons
do you think would be in their outer electron shell?
7. Elements in the second last column of the periodic table are: F and Cl
Draw the Bohr-Rutherford diagram for these two elements below:
F
Cl
a) How is the electron arrangement similar for these two elements? (Hint: look at the outer shell)
b) The elements Br and I are also in the second last column of the periodic table. How many
electrons do you think would be in their outer electron shell?
8. Elements in the same column tend to form similar compounds.
Ex. The compounds that Hydrogen forms with elements in column 1 are: LiH, NaH, KH, RbH
The compounds that Hydrogen forms with elements in column 2 are: BeH2, MgH2, CaH2
Hydrogen forms the following compounds by combining with other elements:
)
CH4 (carbon is in column #
)
NH3 (nitrogen is in column #
H2O (oxygen is in column #
)
)
HF
(fluorine is in column #
Using the information above . . . what are the formulas of the compounds formed when hydrogen
bonds with the following elements: (hint: compare the column # below with the example above)
(silicon is in column #
)
Silicon (Si)
Phosphorus (P)
(phosphorus is in column #
)
Sulfur (S)
(sulfur is in column #
)
Exploring the Modern Periodic Table.doc