Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Cluster chemistry wikipedia , lookup
Jahn–Teller effect wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Hydroformylation wikipedia , lookup
Metal carbonyl wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Spin crossover wikipedia , lookup
Stability constants of complexes wikipedia , lookup
4-1 Nomenclature for d-block complexes (also known as, “how to name compounds and write formulae”) Writing chemical formulae (a) Neutral compounds: Metal first, followed by ligands in alphabetical order (of the name of the ligand, not its formula) Stereochemical indicators as needed, in front of formula For ligands with formulae, either bracket the ligand formula or use shorthand notation for the ligand (the latter is preferred if the ligand has a reasonably common shorthand name) 4-2 List of ligand abbreviations you need to know (ligands not on this list should just be indicated by their molecular formula) Acetylacetonato Cyclopentadienide 2,2-bipyiridine 1,10-phenanthroline Terpyridine Ethylenediamine Diethylenetriamine Pyridine 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane 1,2-dimethoxyethane Methyl Trialkyl or triaryl phosphine Carboxylate Triethylene tetraamine acac Cp bipy phen terpy en dien py dppe dme Me R3P (R = Me, Ph, etc) RCO2 (R = …..) trien 4-3 Nomenclature for d-block complexes (also known as, “how to name compounds and write formulae”) Writing chemical formulae (a) Ionic complexes: Same as for neutral, but use square brackets to enclose ions. For complete complexes (in which both cation and anion are shown), cation(s) comes first followed by anion(s). If only one of the two ions is “complex”, that ion can be shown by itself with charge indicated (and the understanding that the “real” compound must have counter-ions for charge balance). 4-4 Nomenclature for d-block complexes Writing chemical names For “simple” compounds (only one ligand type, common/simple ligand, neutral), the metal comes first followed by the ligands. Oxidation state of metal indicated. TiCl4 Titanium (IV) chloride, or titanium tetrachloride CuSO4 Copper (II) sulfate Oxidation number of metal – review Chem 222 (we’ll quickly review this later on) For most complexes, the ligands are written first (alphabetical) and metal last (with oxidation state indicated after the metal name). Number of each ligand indicated by prefixes: Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 “simple” ligand* monoditritetrapentahexa- *All monoatomic ligands Polyatomic ligands with short names Neutral ligands with special names “complex” ligand** mono- (or no prefix) bistristetrakispentakishexakis*Ligands already containing a prefix (triphenylphosphine) Neutral ligands without special names Ionic ligands with particularly long names (> 2 syllables) 4-5 Nomenclature for d-block complexes Writing chemical names Neutral (L) ligands are named as the free ligand. Exceptions: Free ligand Carbon monoxide, CO Ammonia, NH3 Water, H2O Oxide, O2- ligand name in complex carbonyl ammine aquo oxo Anionic (X) ligands have suffix changed to end in “-o” Free ligand ending ligand name in complex -ide -ido -ite -ito -ate -ato example dimethylamide / dimethylamido sulfite/ sulfito acetate/acetato 4-6 Nomenclature for d-block complexes Writing chemical names Exceptions for anionic (X) ligands: Free ligand Halides (F-, Cl- Br-, I-) Hydroxide Cyanide Examples for neutral compounds ligand name in complex halo (e.g. fluoro, chloro, etc) hydroxo cyano (if C-bound) isocyano (if N-bound) 4-7 Nomenclature for d-block complexes Writing chemical names If the complex is cationic, the names for the counter-anions are added after the name of the complex cation Examples for cationic compounds [Cr(NH3)6]3+ [Cr(NH3)6].3Cl- [Cu(NCCH3)4] + 4-8 Nomenclature for d-block complexes Writing chemical names If the complex is anionic: name cations first then anions (just like for cationic complexes BUT the suffix of the metal is changed to –ate. For most metals ending in –ium, -um, or –ese, replace with –ate e.g. manganese manganite ruthenium ruthenate Exceptions anionic complex name ferrate cobaltate nickelate cuprate zincate molybdate argentite tungstate aurate mercurate metal Iron cobalt nickel copper zinc molybdenum silver tungsten gold mercury 4-9 Nomenclature for d-block complexes Examples for anionic complexes [Fe(CN)6]3K3[Fe(CN)6] CuCl2 [CuCl2][CuCl2]2- 4-10 Nomenclature for d-block complexes Writing chemical names For pi bonded ligands, include the hapticity in front of the ligand name.