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Name: _____________________________ Anatomy of a Cell The cell is the smallest unit of life. Just as you have many parts in your body that work together, so does a cell. Individual units within the cell that do specific jobs are called organelles. The pictures below are general representations of what typical animal / plant cells look like and the organelles that are needed to make them function. Directions: Go to the website www.cellsalive.com. On the homepage, click on “Interactive Cell Models” square (upper left). Then click, “Take me to the Animation”. Now open up the animal cell animation. Now scroll over each organelle in the diagram. Identify that structure and write that word in the blank. You should also use your text book (Ch.4 pgs. 68-90) ) to help with this. Part I: Structures of the Cell 1. _________________________ 1a. ______________________ 2. _________________________ 3. _________________________ 4. _________________________ 5. _________________________ 6. _________________________ 7. _________________________ 8. _________________________ 9. _________________________ 10._________________________ 11. ________________________ 12. ________________________ 13. ________________________ 14. ________________________ 10 4 2 7 9 8 Part II: Functions of cellular organelles ___ Gives the cell shape and controls what comes in an out ___ Makes food for the cell through photosynthesis ___ Breaks down food and makes ATP for the cell ___ Links amino acids together to make proteins ___ Transports substances throughout the cell like a highway ___ Modifies substances prior to delivery throughout the cell ___ This is used to help cells divide and reproduce ___ Digestive enzymes in these sacs break down large particles ___ Houses the DNA. Directs all cellular activities ___ Converts harmful H2O2 into water and oxygen gas ___ Provides strength and rigidity to plant cells. ___ The internal framework of the cell ___ The liquid soup where all chemical reactions take place ___ Material within the nucleus that carries the code of life ___ Storage areas for necessary materials and wastes 5 6 12 (black dots) 1a 11 1 14 13 3 Cell Processes Name: __________________________________________________________ Read about the various processes that cells do for you, non-stop, 24/7 to keep you alive (see handout provided in class). Then read each of the 20 statements below and write down the matching cell process. The 9 processes are listed below in a word bank for reference. NUTRITION DIGESTION ABSORPTION BIOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION EXCRETION SECRETION REPRODUCTION RESPONSE _________________ 1. An organism grows in size. _________________ 2. Hormones are produced by glands in the body _________________ 3. The removal of wastes from the body. _________________ 4. Complex food particles are broken down to simpler forms _________________ 5. A small fracture in your bone heals. _________________ 6. 6CO2 + 6H2O LIGHT & CHLOROPHYLL C6H12O6 + 6O2 _________________ 7. Energy is released from the combination of glucose and oxygen. _________________ 8. A plant bends toward sunlight. _________________ 9. A frog lays eggs. _________________ 10. Food molecules pass into the cell. _________________ 11. Hemoglobin (what makes blood red) is manufactured by the cell. _________________ 12. A muscular contraction. _________________ 13. Insulin, growth hormone, adrenalin, testosterone, estrogen, sweat _________________ 14. Carbohydrates, lipids (i.e. fats) and proteins satisfy this need _________________ 15. Proteins are broken down into individual parts called amino acids. _________________ 16. C6H12O6 + 6O2 MITOCHONDRIA 6CO2 + 6H2O + (36 ATP) _________________ 17. The end result of mitosis (you may have to look this word up) _________________ 18. The roots of a plant grow toward water. _________________ 19. You eat lunch in the cafeteria. _________________ 20. You become ill when a test is announced. Chapter 4: The Structure and Function of Cells : Important Summary Concepts 1. The cell theory states that: • every living thing is made of cells, • cells are the units of structure and function for all living things • cells must come from pre-existing cells. 2. All the processes of a living cell involve energy transformations provided by chemical activity within the cell. The cell processes are nutrition, digestion, absorption, synthesis, respiration, excretion, secretion, movement, response, and reproduction. 3. The nucleus is the control center of cellular activities. DNA is the “boss” of the cell and is passed down from one generation to another. PROKARYOTIC cells such as bacteria have no nucleus but still possess DNA to direct cellular functions. EUKARYOTIC cells have a nucleus which housed the DNA. EUKARYOTIC cells also have ORGANELLES (individual structures that carry out specific functions within the cell) 4. Cytoplasm contains various individual structures called organelles. Each organelle is associated with a specific activity within the cell. The organelles function together like the different instruments in a symphony. They must all work at the same time for the cell to function at all. 5. The chlorophyll-containing chloroplasts of a green plant cell allow the cell to make food from inorganic compounds, i.e. PHOTOSYNTHESIS. This puts plants in an important biological position. 6. Plant cells are enclosed in a rigid cell wall which is not present in animal cells. 7. The organization of living things can be considered on various levels: • Organisms can be just one cell big, like bacteria or pond water critters. • Organisms like plants, animals and fungi (EUKARYOTES) are more complex and follow a hierarchy: CELL…TISSUE…ORGAN…ORGAN SYSTEMS…ORGANISM. • More levels leads to more specialized functions. Multicellular organisms are like a symphony where each section of the orchestra plays a specific role. When even one instrument is out of tune, it effects the whole performance.