Download Biology Final Review Study Guide

Biology Final Review Study Guide
1. Define Biology: Study of living organisms
2. Identify the following equipment:
beaker
graduated cylinder balance
ruler
microscope
3. Name the steps to the scientific Method
Problem, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experimental Design, Observation/Data, Analysis,
Conclusion
4. Draw a graph:
What goes on the X axis?
Independent Variable
What goes on the Y axis?
Dependent Variable
5. When do you make a line graph?
Change over time
6. When do you make a bar graph?
Groups, Categories, Colors
7. Scientists make observations before forming a question to their problem?
8. For a hypothesis to be valid it must be testable
9. How many variables can a controlled experiment test at one time? one
10. What is the difference between a hypothesis and theory?
A theory is a hypothesis that has been stated many times without being proven wrong. A
hypothesis is a question to still be tested.
11. When you make a variable chart, what three variables are identified? IV,DV, CV
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12. What instrument is used in Biology that has two lenses which light passes through to
show the specimen? Compound Light Microscope
13. What are the properties of water?
Molecular formula: H2O, high heat capacity, universal solvent because of its slight charge
due to polarity.
14. Why is water such a good solvent?
Because of its molecular structure making it slightly charged at the polar ends.
15. What are the four macromolecules we have studied all year? Give an example of each
and their function in nature.
Carbohydrates- glucose used for energy
Proteins- amino acids, used to build and regulated
Lipids- fatty acids and glycerol, main component of plasma membrane
Nucleic Acids- DNA and RNA- coded information to make proteins
16. What is activation energy?
Energy needed to start a chemical reaction
17. What are enzymes and their function?
Proteins that regulate chemical reactions. Act as catalyst- speed up reactions
18. What is the source of energy for almost all living things?
The sun
19. What are the three parts to the cell theory?
All cells come from other cells
All living things are made up of at least one cells
Cell is the basic unit of life
20. What is the smallest unit of all living organisms?
cell
21. Draw a plant and animal cell. Label each with the following organelles as appropriate?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes,
chromosomes, centrioles, chloroplasts, cell wall.
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Animal cell
Plant cell
22. What is the importance of the
a. Nucleus- control center of all cell activities. Coded information
b. Endoplasmic Reticulum-transportation of material and storage
c. Mitochondria- powerhouse of the cell. Makes ATP
23. What organelles are found in the plant cell and not the animal cell?
Choloroplast, Cell Wall and Large Central Vacoule
24. What pigment is found in the chloroplast?
chlorophyll
25. What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + + 6H2O + Energy ⇒ 6O2 + C6H12O6
26. What is the equation for cellular respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6 ⇒ 6CO2 + + 6H2O + Energy
6O2 + C6H12O6 + ADP +P ⇒ 6CO2 + + 6H2O + ATP
27. What is the function of ATP?
Supplies energy to many cellular reactions.
28. What is diffusion?
Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
29. What is active transport?
Movement of molecules from low to high concentration. Requires energy
30. Which process requires the input of energy?
Active transport
31. What is the difference between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions?
Isotonic- movement of water is equal
Hypotonic-movement of water into the cell.
Hypertonic- movement of water out of the cell
32. Name the phases of mitosis and explain what is happening in each phase.
Prophase- doubling of chromosomes
Metaphase-chromosomes line up at the equator
Anaphase- chromosomes move to the opposite side of the nucleus
Telephase- nucleus divides into two
Cytokinesis- cytoplasm divides and you get two new cells.
33. What is the purpose of mitosis?
To make new cells for growth, development or replacement of old or damaged cells
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34. What is the difference between prokaryote and eukaryote cells?
Prokaryote cells have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles. Simple. bacteria
Eukaryote cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
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