Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Back Print Name Class Date Early Exploration and Settlement Section 2 HSS 7.11 MAIN IDEAS 1. Economic changes in Europe led to the discovery of new trade routes. 2. Christopher Columbus and other explorers discovered new continents. 3. The Columbian Exchange affected the Americas and Europe. Students analyze political and economic change in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries (the Age of Exploration, the Enlightenment, and the Age of Reason). Key Terms and People money or property that is used to earn more money joint-stock companies businesses in which a group of people invests together Christopher Columbus a sailor from Genoa, Italy Ferdinand Magellan a Portuguese sea captain Northwest Passage a path through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific Columbian Exchange the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases from the “Old World” of Asia, Africa, and Europe to the “New World” of the Americas and from the Americas to Asia, Africa, and Europe capital Section Summary THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY GROWS In Europe in the 1200s, the Commercial Revolution had changed the ways people carried on business. Then, in the 1300s, Europeans experienced an epidemic called the Black Death, which killed millions of people. The European economy recovered. People raised or lowered prices to earn more. Farmers rented land to raise crops to sell for profit. Venice and other cities became rich trading centers. A class of wealthy people sprang up. Merchant families wanted capital. Merchants founded joint-stock companies that raised money while lowering personal risk. TRADE WITH AFRICA AND ASIA The biggest profits rose from trade with Africa and Asia. Overland trade made goods expensive. European merchants sought sea routes to Africa and What was an advantage of jointstock companies? Underline the sentence that explains why Europeans wanted to cross the Atlantic. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 4 Interactive Reader and Study Guide Back Print Name Class Date Section 2, continued Asia. Europeans wanted to cross the Atlantic to discover new trade routes. PORTUGUESE EXPLORATIONS Portugal led exploration in the early 1400s. Explorer Vasco da Gama left Lisbon and journeyed around the Cape of Good Hope, arriving in India and establishing the first trade route to that country. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Christopher Columbus persuaded the Spanish king and queen to pay for his three ships to travel to North America. His ships landed in the Bahamas and found the Taino. He called them Indians. OTHER EXPLORERS SET SAIL Other European explorers also landed in North America. Amerigo Vespucci reached present-day South America, and a mapmaker labeled the continents across the ocean America in his honor. Ferdinand Magellan found the western route to Asia. Europeans realized Columbus had not discovered a sea route to Asia. Why was America given its name? THE SEARCH FOR A NORTHWEST PASSAGE European nations looked to North America to find a Northwest Passage. None was found, but explorations led to more interest in North America. THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE The Columbian Exchange made a huge difference in the world. Many of the changes were good. Other results, such as introducing deadly diseases to Native Americans, were bad. Name one bad result from the Columbian Exchange. CHALLENGE ACTIVITY Critical Thinking: Elaborating You are the sailor on Columbus’s first voyage who first sighted land after the long trip. Write a short poem about the moment you saw land. What emotions were you feeling? HSS Analysis Skills HR 2, HI 1, HI 3 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 5 Interactive Reader and Study Guide Back Print Answer Key Chapter 1 Early Exploration and Settlement CHAPTER SUMMARY 1. Asia and Africa. Europeans discovered the Americas when they tried to find new trade routes. 2. Spain grew rich because it received great quantities of gold, silver, and food from its American colonies. 3. Answers will vary. Students should infer that because American Indians would not want to convert to Catholicism, there would be conflict with colonists. SECTION 1 CHALLENGE ACTIVITY Answers will vary. Students may infer that traveling to a new land was dangerous, scary, and sad, or they may express feelings of hope and excitement. SECTION 2 CHALLENGE ACTIVITY Accept poems that demonstrate an understanding of Columbus’s voyage. SECTION 3 CHALLENGE ACTIVITY Sample correct answers: Cause Effect Hernán Cortés imprisons Moctezuma II, king of the Aztec Empire The Aztec revolt Spanish bring new diseases to Mexico Many Aztec are weakened or die Spanish fleets transport tons of gold, silver, and food from their American colonies to Spain Spain becomes rich American Indians die from new diseases Spanish begin bringing enslaved Africans to their American colonies SECTION 4 CHALLENGE ACTIVITY • Huguenots traveled to Americas for religious freedom in the late 1500s. • Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette reached the Mississippi River in the late 1600s. • René-Robert de La Salle followed the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico and claimed the territory for France. • The Dutch claimed the land between the Delaware and Hudson Rivers. • Swedish settlers started New Sweden along the Delaware River. • Peter Stuyvesant, governor of New Netherland, conquered New Sweden in 1655. • Sir Walter Raleigh founded a charter colony in present-day Virginia, but the colonists mysteriously disappeared. Chapter 2 The English Colonies CHAPTER SUMMARY 1. Answers will vary but may include the fact that middle colonies prospered sooner than New England colonies or southern colonies. 2. New England colonies relied on trade. Farming was important in the southern colonies. Both trading and farming were important to the middle colonies. 3. New England colonies: Religion linked to government. Middle colonies: Practiced religious tolerance; Southern colonies: Protestants and Catholics divided by problems, but government passed Toleration Act that made limiting religious rights a crime. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 166 Interactive Reader and Study Guide