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Transcript
T Toward d a Sea S Ethic Ethi D i d G Dorinda G. Dallmeyer D ll Classical Philosophy Virtue Theories Utilitarian Theories Deontological Theories Utilitarian Theories “Maximize Happiness, Minimize Misery” Utilitarian Theories Nature Primarily a Means to an End BUT… BUT How do you measure the “happiness” y of an ecosystem? Deontological Theories The Golden Rule BUT… Doesn’tt Extend to Non-Human Doesn Species or to the Environment at Large Problems with Classical Philosophy Individuals Affected Are N H Non-Human “Non-Standard” What Duties are Owed to… Problems with Classical Philosophy May be Dealing with More Theoretical Constructs, e.g., Ecosystems E Problems with Classical Philosophy What Should We Do About D i to Duties Generations Yet Unborn? Ethics from Resource Management Anthropocentric E Ecocentric i Anthropocentric Branches “Conservationist” Optimal Sustainable Consumption Gifford Pinchot “Preservationist” Utility + Aesthetic and Spiritual Needs John Muir Ecocentric Branch Humans Integrated g into Natural Systems “A thingg is right g when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability and beauty of the biotic community.” Ald Leopold Aldo L ld ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS • Natural World has Intrinsic Value beyond Mere Human Utility • Value Includes Integrated g Character of System as as Whole • Must Consider Long-term Impacts of Human Action AMERICAN PUBLIC ANTHROPOCENTRIC VALUES Concern for Future Generations Utilitarian Values Aesthetic Values AMERICAN PUBLIC BIOCENTRIC VALUES Humanity as Part of Nature Right of Species to Life Intrinsic Rights of Nature AMERICAN PUBLIC RELIGIOUS TEACHING SPIRITUALITY Toward a sea ethic…. • Species Protection • Wilderness • Intergenerational Equity • Legitimacy of Decision-making Toward a sea ethic…. • SPECIES PROTECTION • Wilderness • Intergenerational Equity • Legitimacy of Decision-making Toward a sea ethic…. • Species Protection • WILDERNESS • Intergenerational Equity • Legitimacy of Decision-making Toward a sea ethic…. • Species Protection • Wilderness • INTERGENERATIONAL EQUITY • Legitimacy of Decision-making Toward a sea ethic…. • Species Protection • Wilderness • Intergenerational Equity • LEGITIMACY OF DECISION-MAKING
