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Name: ______________________ Period: _______ I. The Atom’s Family The Periodic Table of Elements includes over 100 different kinds of elements (atoms). An atom of one element is different from an atom of another element in the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. A proton is a positively charged particle in the nucleus, and a neutron is a neutral (no charge) particle, also in the nucleus. An electron is a tiny negatively charged particle in motion around the nucleus in an area called the electron cloud. Label the atomic model below using the underlined words from above. II. What’s My Number? Now, look at the brightly colored Periodic Table of Elements and read the paragraph below. The Periodic Table of Elements includes over 100 different types of atoms organized by properties. Families or groups of elements are organized into columns. Rows of elements are called periods. Look at your table and find the element oxygen. You should notice it is in family 16 and period 2. Likewise, the element iron is found in family 8 and period 4. You could think of the family and periods as an address of sorts. Two unusual sets of elements are the Lanthanide series and the Actinide series located in two separate rows at the bottom of the Periodic Table. The Lanthanide series (elements 57-71) all Page 1 of 3 Heilner 2007 belong to family 3 and period 6. You could imagine that all the Lanthanide elements stack up at that one location. The Actinide series (elements 89-103) similarly all belong to family 3 and period 7, and would also stack up at that single location. Currently, the Periodic Table has 18 families and 7 periods. For each of the elements listed below, identify the family and period. Element Family Period Element Family Period Calcium _______ _______ Einsteinium _______ _______ Sulfur _______ _______ Mercury _______ _______ Nickel _______ _______ Lithium _______ _______ Helium _______ _______ Silver _______ _______ III. What’s My Name? Families within the periodic table have similar properties. Family 18 elements are known as noble gases. Noble gases do not easily react with any other elements. Family 17 are the halogens. The halogens are gases which combine easily with metals in family 1. Family 1 are alkali metals and are soft, highly reactive metals. Family 2 are alkaline earth metals, which are harder, and less reactive. For each of the elements listed below, identify the name of the family from the names underlined above. Magnesium _____________________ Potassium _____________________ Neon Iodine _____________________ _____________________ IV. More Numbers Each element has a unique atomic number and atomic mass. The atomic number represents the number of protons in one atom of the element. Because charges are balanced in a “normal” atom, the number of positive protons will equal the number of negative electrons. The atomic mass (or atomic weight) represents the number of protons plus neutrons in one atom of the element. You will notice this number may have a decimal. Although the number of protons does not vary for an element, the number of neutrons may. Therefore, the atomic mass represents an average. When using the atomic mass, you will normally round off the Page 2 of 3 Heilner 2007 decimal number to the nearest whole number. For example, carbon has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 12 (which is 12.011 rounded off to the nearest whole number). For each of the elements listed below, write the atomic number and atomic mass. Atomic Number Atomic Mass Lead _______ _______ Bromine _______ _______ Aluminum _______ _______ Nickel _______ _______ V. Proton, Electron, or Neutron? Because the atomic number and atomic mass represent the number of particles inside one atom of an element, you can use these numbers to identify the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom of an element. Protons = atomic number Electrons = same as protons (if neutral) Neutrons = Atomic mass – atomic number For example: The element lithium has 3 protons, 3 electrons, and 4 neutrons. Protons = 3 (atomic number) Electrons = 3 (same # as protons) Neutrons = 7 – 3 = 4 (atomic mass – atomic number) For each of the elements listed below, write the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons. Protons Electrons Neutrons Phosphorus _______ _______ _______ Gold _______ _______ _______ Barium _______ _______ _______ Uranium _______ _______ _______ Hydrogen _______ _______ _______ Copper _______ _______ _______ Boron _______ _______ _______ Page 3 of 3 Heilner 2007
