Download Psychological Disorders

PSYCHOLOGICAL
DISORDERS
DSM -IV
AP PSYCHOLOGY
MS. NELSON
DSM-IV
• Official diagnostic manual for mental
issues
• International and USA
• Published by American Psychiatric
Association
• New one published (DSM-V) in 2012
• Expensive
• Changes
AXIS I
• List clinical disorders
• Complex detail of possible
disorders
• Can be more than one disorder
• Must be justified
• Principle diagnosis
AXIS II
• Personality disorders
• Mental retardation
• Intellectually disabling issues
• Must be separated from
diagnosis
AXIS III
• General medical conditions
• Sever allergies, diabetes,
injuries
• May be separate or may
effect behavior
AXIS IV
• Environmental issues
• Living conditions
• Psychosocial issues
• Family problems
• May affect mental state
AXIS V
• Global Assessment of Functioning
(GAF)
• Clinician assigned score
• Continuum of 0-100
• 100 being superior functioning
• 70 known as mild symptoms
• 20 danger of hurting self or others
• Based on mental health only
DSM CLASSIFICATION
• Number system
• Severity specified during diagnosis
• Mild
• Moderate
• severe
• If criteria is no longs met
• In Partial Remission
• In Full Remission
• Prior History
CHILDHOOD DIAGNOSIS
• Infancy, childhood or puberty
• Retardation and Learning Disorders
• Motor skill or Communication Disorders
• Autistic/Asperger’s Continuum
• Feeding/Elimination
• ADD/ADHD
• Tick Disorders
COGNITIVE DISORDERS
• Delirium, dementia, amnestic
• Physical deterioration of brain
• Aging or disease
• Effect of alcoholism, drug addiction
• Toxic substances
• Inability to “think straight” (delirium)
• Loss of memory (dementia)
SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS
• Caused by dependence on chemicals
• Dependence vs. abuse
• Drugs, alcohol, stimulants, tobacco
• Behavior & addiction of specific drug
• Behavior related to the addiction
process
SCHIZOPHRENIA & PSYCHOTIC
DISORDERS
• Severe abnormalities in behavior that
interfere with daily functioning
• Thinking, perception, movement,
motivation, emotion
• Delusions:
• Inflated power or worth
• Persecution, cheated, followed
• Spectrum of intensity
MOOD DISORDERS
• Affective disorders
• Severe disturbances in mood
• Depression
• Mania
• Over-excitement
• Manic depression/bipolar
• Alternating episodes of depression &
mania
ANXIETY DISORDERS
• Unrealistic fears or phobia
• Generalized feelings of dread
• Panic attach-physical chemical
reaction
• Obsessive compulsive behavior
• rituals of thought or actions
• Used to control anxiety
• Often caused by traumatic event
SOMATOFORM DISORDERS
• Physical symptoms with no
apparent physical cause
• Hypochondriac: unusual
preoccupation with health
• Pain disorder
• Example: blindness, paralysis
FACTITIOUS DISORDERS
• Intentional false mental or physical
disorder
• Under the person’s control
• Used to meet a psychological need
• To assume the role of a “sick person”
• To avoid responsibilities or financial
gain
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER
• Psychologically caused problems of
• Consciousness
• Self-identification
• Loss of memory
• Amnesia
• Development of more than one
identity
• Multiple personality
SEXUAL & GENDER IDENTITY
• Unusual objects or situations sexually arousing
• Fetish: baby carriages, shoes
• Exhibitionism
• Pedophilia, sadism
• Unsatisfactory sexual activity
• Dysfunction, addiction, pain
• Gender identity issues
• sexuality
• Roles and behavior
• Changes in DSM
EATING DISORDERS
• Anorexia Nervosa
• Bulimia Nervosa
• Binging
• Connection to trauma
• Brain chemistry
SLEEP DISORDERS
• Problems with sleep/wake cycle
• Seasonal Affective Disorder
• Narcolepsy
• Breathing related sleep disorder
• Parasomnias
• Night terror, nightmares
• Sleepwalking
IMPULSE CONTROL
• Compulsive behavior
• Gambling
• Kleptomania: stealing
• Pyromania: arson
• Trichotillomania: pulling out hair
• Thrill seeking
• Chemical reaction
ADJUSTMENT DISORDER
• Failure to adjust to life events
• Divorce, financial problems,
family discord
• Emotions and depression
• Cause and effect
• Symptoms do NOT represent
grieving stages
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
• Enduring patterns of inner experience of
behavior that deviates from social culture
• Cognition of self and others
• Affectivity: range, intensity,
appropriateness
• Interpersonal functioning
• Impulse control
• Must exhibit at least two of the above
CLUSTER A-BEGINNING IN EARLY
ADULTHOOD
• Paranoid
• Distrust/suspiciousness of others
• Interpreted as malevolent behavior
• Schizoid
• Detachment for social relationships
• Restricted range of expressions of emotions
• Schizotypal
• Social/interpersonal deficits
• Eccentric behavior
CLUSTER B-PUBERTY ONSET
• Antisocial
• Disregard for and violation of the rights of
others
• Borderline
• Instability of interpersonal relationships & selfimage
• Histrionic
• Excessive emotionality and attention seeking
• Narcissistic
• Grandiose need for admiration, lack of
empathy
CLUSTER C-CHILDHOOD ONSET
• Avoidant
• Social inhibition, hypersensitive, feelings of
inadequacy
• Dependent
• Need to be taken care of, clinging
behavior, fears
• Obsessive-compulsive
• Preoccupation with orderliness,
perfectionism, control, lack of flexibility
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTIVE
HEALTH
• Problems related to abuse or neglect
• Relational issues
• Medication induced
• True physical problems
• Headaches, high blood pressure,
muscle ache
• Caused or worsened by psychological
factors
• Anxiety or worry
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• DSM IV, American Psychiatric Association. 1994.