Download CHAPTER 8 The Respiratory System

CHAPTER 8  u  The Respiratory System
202
by foreign matter such as fat, air, tumor tissue, or
a blood clot.
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)  infectious
respiratory disease spread by close contact with an
infected person and caused by a coronavirus. It is
reported to have a fatality rate of approximately 3%.
silicosis (silic/o, silica)  form of pneumoconiosis
resulting from inhalation of the dust of stone,
sand, quartz, or flint that contains silica. (Workers
are frequently exposed to silica powder that is used
in manufacturing processes.)
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)  sudden, unexpected death of an apparently normal and healthy
infant that occurs during sleep and with no physical or autopsy evidence of disease.
tuberculosis (TB)  infectious disease caused by the
bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is often
chronic in nature and usually affects the lungs,
although it can occur elsewhere in the body. The
disease is named for the tubercles—small, round
nodules—that are produced in the lungs by the
bacteria.
EXERCISE
6 
pulmonary embolism  blockage of a pulmonary artery
by an increase in the size of alveoli and by destructive changes in their walls, resulting in difficulty in
breathing.
influenza  acute, contagious respiratory infection
characterized by sudden onset, chills, headache,
fever, and muscular discomfort; it is caused by
several different types of viruses. The 2009 H1N1
flu virus, like most influenza viruses, spreads
mainly from person to person. This disease was
originally called “swine flu” because the viral
genetic makeup is similar to influenza viruses that
normally occur in pigs.
pleuritis (pleur/o, pleura)  inflammation of the pleura.
It can be caused by infection, injury, or a tumor,
or it can be a complication of certain lung diseases.
It is characterized by a sharp pain on inspiration;
it is also called pleurisy.
pneumoconiosis (pneum/o, lung + coni/o, dust) 
respiratory condition caused by inhalation
of dust particles; frequently seen in people
involved in occupations such as mining and
stonecutting.
WRITE IT!
emphysema  chronic pulmonary disease characterized
Write the correct term in each blank to complete these sentences.
1. Another name for pneumonia is ___________________.
2. Inflammation of the lungs and the bronchi is ___________________.
3. A collapsed condition of the lung is called ___________________.
4. Inability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs because of a brain dysfunction is
___________________.
5. An infectious, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus is called severe acute respiratory ___________________.
6. A chronic disease that is characterized by an increased size and destructive changes to the alveoli is
___________________.
7. A condition characterized by dyspnea and wheezing is ___________________.
8. A respiratory condition caused by inhalation of dust particles is ___________________.
Surgical and Therapeutic Interventions
Asphyxiation (suffocation) requires immediate corrective measures to prevent loss of
consciousness and, if not corrected, death. Removal of a foreign body in the airway
may be needed before oxygen and artificial respiration are administered.
One method of dislodging food or other obstructions from the windpipe is the
Heimlich maneuver (Figure 8-9). Oxygen and artificial ventilation need to be promptly
Leonard_Chapter 8_main.indd 202
10/16/2009 7:17:05 PM