Download Unit 7A Review Game Questions

UNIT 7A REVIEW QUESTIONS
1)
The persistence of learning through the storage and retrieval of information is
MEMORY
2)
The process of getting information into memory is called
ENCODING
3)
The process of getting information out of memory is called
RETRIEVAL
4)
A modern information-processing model that looks at memories as a series of activation
patterns is
CONNECTIONISM
5)
What word is associated with sensory memory – in terms of duration?
FLEETING
6)
Which memory lasts seconds but is consciously activated and has a limit in capacity?
SHORT-TERM
7)
If I am told an address but can only remember it long enough to write it down, the address
has been stored in which type of memory?
SHORT-TERM
8)
In which memory would a flashbulb memory be stored?
LONG-TERM
9)
Which memory is somewhat permanent and limitless?
LONG-TERM
10)
If an individual is actively processing information and making connections, he is using
WORKING MEMORY
11)
Automatic processing and effortful processing involve 2 types of
ENCODING
12)
Encoding that occurs with no effort or a minimal level of conscious attention is known as
AUTOMATIC PROCESSING
13)
During the course of a day, people may unconsciously encode the sequence of the day’s
events. This best illustrates what kind of processing?
AUTOMATIC
14)
Learning a new language is an example of what kind of processing?
EFFORTFUL
15)
Can what is learned through effort ever be automatic?
YES
16)
What technique is being used when a first grade teacher asks her students to write the
spelling words 10 times each?
REHEARSAL
17)
Analogy: Priming is to retrieval as rehearsal is to
ENCODING
18)
Which pioneering researcher is associated with the retention curve?
EBBINGHAUS
19)
According to Ebbinghaus, if you spend little time learning, you will actually remember
LITTLE
20)
To study a bit each day prior to a test illustrates the
SPACING EFFECT
21)
I can actually learn the material better if I quiz myself. This is known as the
TESTING EFFECT
22)
The tendency to be able to recall the beginning and the end of a list of items illustrates the
SERIAL POSITION EFFECT
23)
Your ability to recall the first few items on a list illustrates the
PRIMACY EFFECT
24)
Your ability to recall the last few items on a list illustrates the
RECENCY EFFECT
25)
The process by which information in encoded by its meaning is called
SEMANTIC ENCODING
26)
We remember best when meaning is connected to a memory and that memory is
connected to which individual?
SELF
27)
At what age do we begin to truly remember?
3
28)
Our ability to remember pleasurable events is referred to as
ROSY RETROSPECTION
29)
What is a mnemonic device supposed to do?
AID MEMORY
30)
Visually associating a list of 5 grocery items to mental images of objects illustrates which
type of mnemonic device?
PEG-WORD SYSTEM
31)
Organization of information into meaningful units is
CHUNKING
32)
Using outlines is an example of what kind of organization?
HIERARCHICAL
33)
Images that last for only tenths of a second are referred to as what kind of memory?
ICONIC
34)
Iconic memory is to echoic memory as visual stimulation is to AUDITORY stimulation.
35)
How long does echoic memory last?
3-4 SECONDS
36)
How many bits of information can our short-term memory hold?
7
37)
Can we remember short-term better through audition or vision?
AUDITION
38)
Do we remember numbers or letters better?
NUMBERS
39)
What is the limit to long-term memory?
NONE
40)
Yes or No: Is our memory restricted to a particular section of the cortex?
NO
41)
Synaptic changes where information is being exchanged illustrates
MEMORY TRACE
42)
Increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as
LONG-TERM POTENTIATION
43)
What is one effect of long-term potentiation in a neuron’s receptor site?
THEY INCREASE
44)
Which protein is associated with enhanced memory?
CREB
45)
Momentary unconsciousness interferes with which memory?
SHORT-TERM
46)
Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called
FLASHBULB MEMORIES
47)
Prolonged stress shrinks which part of the brain?
HIPPOCAMPUS
48)
What kind of memory takes place without us realizing it?
IMPLICIT
49)
Remembering how to ride a bike after not riding for over 5 years is an example of
IMPLICIT MEMORY
50)
Memory of the information in this chapter is an example of
EXPLICIT MEMORY
51)
In which side is verbal information stored in the hippocampus?
LEFT
52)
In which side is visual information stored in the hippocampus?
RIGHT
53)
In which part of the brain is implicit memory stored?
CEREBELLUM
54)
The fact that we don’t have memories prior to the age of 3 is referred to as
INFANTILE AMNESIA
55)
When an eyewitness to an auto accident is asked to describe what happened, which test of
memory is being used?
RECALL
56)
An eyewitness to a grocery store robbery is asked to identify the suspects in a police
lineup. Which test of memory is being utilized?
RECOGNITION
57)
Which measure of memory did Ebbinghaus use to assess the impact of rehearsal on
retention?
RELEARNING
58)
Words, events, places, and emotions that trigger our memory of the past are called
RETRIEVAL CUES
59)
The often unconscious activation of particular associations in memory is called
PRIMING
60)
Shortly after you see a missing-child poster you are more likely to interpret an ambiguous
adult-child interaction as a possible kidnapping. This best illustrates the impact of
PRIMING
61)
If I learned words while underwater and I’m having a difficult time remembering the words,
it is best if I
GO UNDERWATER
62)
The eerie sense of having previously experienced a situation is known as
DÉJÀ VU
63)
Remembering something that happened while drunk is best remembered if drunk. This is
an example of which pattern of recall?
STATE-DEPENDENCE
64)
The association of sadness with memories of negative life events contributes to which kind
of memory?
MOOD-CONGRUENT MEMORY
65)
Sometimes we don’t remember because we didn’t encode properly. This can be due to
ABSENT-MINDEDNESS
66)
Ebbinghaus discovered that the rate at which we forget newly learned information is
initially FAST and then LEVELS OFF.
67)
Once the initial forgetting takes place, what is retained will be in storage for how long?
YEARS
68)
The inability to name something you know is evidence of failure in
RETRIEVAL
69)
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is called
PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
70)
Joe can recall his old girlfriend’s number but not his new. In fact, he sometimes calls his old
girlfriend by mistake. This is an example of
PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
71)
After learning the combination of his new locker at school, Harold now can’t recall the
combination of the lock he uses for his bike. This is an example of
RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
72)
What natural activity aids in remembering?
SLEEPING
73)
After learning Spanish, you found it easier to learn French. This is an example of
POSITIVE TRANSFER
74)
Who incorrectly emphasized that we repress anxiety-arousing memories?
FREUD
75)
True or False: We forget terrible memories.
FALSE
76)
Research participants who were exposed to very convincing arguments that brushing teeth
4X a day reduced cavities and gum disease misrecalled how often they themselves had
brushed. This illustrates
MOTIVATED FORGETTING
77)
As we retrieve memories from our memory bank, we often alter them based on past
experiences and our current expectations. This illustrates
MEMORY RECONSTRUCTION
78)
After reading a newspaper article that stated that one of the drivers in a devastating car
accident had actually been drinking, eyewitnesses now recalled that particular person
driving more recklessly than he actually had. This is an example of the
MISINFORMATION EFFECT
79)
Visualizing an object and actually seeing that object activate similar brain areas. This most
clearly contributes to
IMAGINATION INFLATION
80)
As a child, Andrew dreamed he rode horseback with his mother along the beach. Years
later, he thought this dream had actually occurred. This is an example of
SOURCE AMNESIA
81)
In regards to details, false memories contain more or less details than real memories?
LESS
82)
What kind of amnesia is related to our inability to recall early childhood memories?
INFANTILE
83)
Which memory researcher is associated with childhood sexual abuse?
LOFTUS