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American Anthem
Modern American History
Chapter 4
Columbus
statute in
Rhode Island
The Union in Crisis
1850-1877
Copyright © 2009, Mr. Ellington
Ruben S. Ayala High School
Chapter 4: The Union in Crisis, 1850-1877
1.
The Nation Splits Apart
A: Expansion and Slavery
B: Sectional Conflicts and National Politics
C: Lincoln’s Path to the Presidency
D: The South Secedes
2.
The Civil War
A: The Civil War Begins
B: Life During the Civil War
C: Fighting Continues
D: The Final Phase
Columbus
statute in
Rhode Island
3.
Rebuilding the South
A: Presidential Reconstruction
B: Congressional Reconstruction
C: Republicans in Charge
D: Reconstruction Ends
Part 1. The Nation Splits Apart
1A: Expansion and Slavery
• Mexican Cession reopened the question of slavery and expansion
• Compromise of 1850 temporarily settled the issue, but Uncle
Tom’s Cabin and Kansas-Nebraska Act fueled sectional tensions
Part 1. The Nation Splits Apart
1B: Sectional Conflicts and National Politics
• A civil war in Kansas (“Bleeding Kansas”) was caused by a fight over
popular sovereignty and led to two competing state governments
• Democrats won 1856 election by portraying Republicans as radical
• The caning of Senator Sumner, the Dred Scott decision, and John
Brown’s raid at Harper’s Ferry all moved nation closer to civil war
Part 1. The Nation Splits Apart
Section 1C: Lincoln’s Path to the Presidency
• Lincoln was born in a log cabin in KY in 1809 and eventually
became a successful lawyer and Whig politician from IL
• In 1858, Lincoln ran
unsuccessfully for Stephen
Douglass’ senate seat as a
Republican and engaged in
a series of famous debates
• In 1860, Lincoln ran and
won the Presidency on the
Republican Party ticket
Part 1. The Nation Splits Apart
Section 1D: South Secedes
• Seven states led by S. Carolina seceded after Lincoln’s election
• The Confederacy chose Jefferson Davis as their leader
• Crittenden Compromise failed and left nation at brink of war
Part 2: The Civil War
Section 2A: The Civil War Begins
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After Fort Sumter battle, 4 more states seceded and 4 chose to stay
Union Advantages: population, industrialization, political leadership
Confederate Advantages: defensive war, military leaders, foreign aid
First Battle of Bull Run showed that war would not be decided quickly
Antietam was bloodiest battle and a partial Union victory
Reenactment of
Battle of Antietam
Part 2: The Civil War Begins
Section 2B: Life During the Civil War
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Emancipation Proclamation made the war about ending slavery
Conditions for soldiers and especially POWs were bad
Many blacks and women served in the war, especially for the North
Both sides turned to a draft
Nursing during wartime
1863 Draft and anti-black
riots in New York City
Part 2: The Civil War
Section 2C: Fighting Continues
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Union blockaded South and cut off exports of cotton
Monitor vs. Merrimack was first battle of ironclads
Gettysburg and Vicksburg victories were turning point of the war
After Chattanooga victory, Lincoln made Grant head of Union army
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
Monitor vs. the Merrimack
Part 2: The Civil War
Section 2D: The Final Phase
• Grant relentlessly pursued Lee’s forces incurring heavy losses while
Sherman waged “total war” to break the South’s will to fight
• Lincoln won
reelection in
1864 after
Atlanta was
captured
• Lee
surrendered
at Appomattox
Courthouse in
1865 ending
the Civil War
Part 3: Reconstruction
Section 3A: Presidential Reconstruction
• After the war, big questions remained regarding the South
• Lincoln and later Johnson supported a 10% plan for Reconstruction
Part 3: Reconstruction
Section 3B: Congressional Reconstruction
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Black Codes and the KKK were used to “redeem” the South
Johnson’s vetoes led to showdown with Republicans in Congress
Congress passed 14th amendment and military reconstruction acts
In 1868, Johnson was impeached and almost removed from office
Part 3: Reconstruction
Section 3C: Republicans in Charge
• 15th amendment gave blacks the vote and helped elect Grant in 1868
• Scalawags and carpetbaggers helped Reconstruction in the South
• Freedmen’s Bureau educated many blacks, but most were still forced
into sharecropping, along with many poorer whites
Part 3: Reconstruction
Section 3D: Reconstruction Ends
• Time, corruption, ongoing violence, economic depression all soured
many Northerners on Reconstruction
• Disputed election of 1876 was settled by South trading the
presidency for an end to Reconstruction
• Even though Reconstruction failed, it paved way for future changes