Download BVGH - Who We Are

Neglected Disease Pipeline > Diseases > Dengue
fever
Background
Global Burden | Causative Agent & Transmission | Pathogenesis | Current Control Strategy | Existing Products | Get Involved
What is Dengue Fever?
Dengue fever (DF) is a viral disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes. DF causes severe, flu-like symptoms with high fever and
extreme muscle and joint pain. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) are less common but more
severe forms of the disease. DHF/DSS initially presents with very similar symptoms to DF. The disease then progresses to a stage
where the blood vessels become permeable, or “leaky,” causing a breakdown of the circulatory system, fluid loss, and possibly death.
Global Burden
Dengue is common in the tropical and sub-tropical countries of Southeast
Asia, the Pacific, and the Americas and is also found in Africa and the
Eastern Mediterranean. In 2002, a record high of 69 countries reported
dengue cases.1 The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2.5
billion people are at risk for dengue infection. Approximately 50 million
infections (1 million confirmed) occur each year resulting in 500,000
hospitalizations and 20,000 deaths.2
Countries with areas of dengue risk (WHO, 2008)
The economic burden of dengue in India alone is estimated to be US$29.3
million.2 Based on a study of eight endemic countries, the estimated total
economic burden of dengue is on the order of US$587 million annually.
However, known underreporting of dengue infection could increase this
estimate to nearly US$1.8 billion.
Back to Top
Causative Agent and Transmission
Dengue is a positive strand RNA virus and a member of the genus Flavivirus. This genus
also includes the viruses that cause West Nile and yellow fever. Dengue virus enters the
human body through the saliva of an infected mosquito, invades immature dendritic cells in
the skin, and is transported to lymph nodes where viral antigens activate the host immune
response. In addition to dendritic cells, the virus replicates in the cytosol of macrophages,
lymphocytes, and liver cells.
Dengue is transmitted through the bite of the female mosquito of the genus Aedes (usually
Aedes aegypti, the vector for dengue
(photo: CDC/James Gathany/Frank
Collins)
A. aegypti, but occasionally by other species such as A. albopictus). A mosquito becomes
infected with dengue virus upon taking a blood meal from an infected person. The virus can
replicate in the mosquito and is transmitted to the next human host when the mosquito
takes another blood meal. Dengue is unusual among arthropod-borne viruses in that it
does not require an animal reservoir, and is instead maintained through
human-mosquito-human transmission.3
Unlike many other disease vectors, A. aegypti is primarily associated with urban areas. This is attributed to its tendency to reproduce in
small water pools, such as collect in tires, buckets, or uncovered water storage containers, which are common in populated settings.
The eggs of the A. aegypti mosquito are extremely resilient, increasing the difficulty of vector control.
Pathogenesis
Dengue infection leads to multiple non-specific symptoms such as high fever, rash, and joint pain. It is unclear why, but a small
percentage of dengue patients progress to DHF, which is further classified as DSS in its most advanced stages. The majority of
DHF/DSS cases occur in children under the age of 15. DHF and DSS are both classified by increased permeability of the blood
vessels resulting in a loss of plasma. Symptoms such as bleeding, profuse sweating, and shock are common; death due to dehydration
from plasma loss can follow. As syndromes, dengue fever, DHF, and DSS express considerable symptom overlap and are often
difficult to distinguish.4 Plans are underway to standardize case descriptions and, ideally, uncover ways of predicting which patients will
progress to severe disease. The fact that the virus has generally been cleared from the body by the time DHF/DSS appear complicates
the application of potential antivirals to patients presenting with the most serious symptoms.3
There are four distinct serotypes of dengue, DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4. The prevalence of these strains traditionally varied
geographically, but now all four serotypes are circulating in most endemic countries. If a patient is infected with one dengue serotype,
they will be immune against subsequent infection by that same serotype. However, secondary infection with a new serotype greatly
increases the risk of severe disease.
There are at least two immunological phenomena that may contribute to the more severe outcome of secondary infection:
1. Antibody dependent enhancement (ADE): ADE is a phenomenon whereby sub-optimal levels of antibodies enhance viral spread
rather than clearing the infection. Antibodies specific for a particular dengue serotype are produced during primary infection or
acquired by infants from an immune mother. During a second infection with a distinct serotype, these antibodies bind to the new
virus but are not sufficient to neutralize the particles. Cell types that naturally engulf immune complexes through “Fcg” receptors
take up the bound virus. Increased viral replication and exacerbated inflammatory responses resulting from access to Fcg
receptor-bearing cell types are thought to lead to severe disease.
2. “Original antigenic sin”: Original antigenic sin was a term first coined in the 1960s to describe a phenomenon observed for
influenza virus whereby the human immune system works against itself when trying to mount a response. When the body has
been infected before, it can undergo a memory immune response upon seeing the agent again. In the case of original antigenic
sin, the body mistakenly mounts a memory response to a similar, previously seen pathogen rather than to the current infection
–- for example against the primary, rather than secondary, dengue serotype. Because the memory response is dominant, the
body cannot properly fight the new infection. Original antigenic sin can impact both humoral and cellular immune responses.
ADE and original antigenic sin have implications for public health and for dengue vaccine design. If an immune response to one
dengue serotype can worsen the outcome of infection with a distinct serotype, a vaccine that does not provide robust, long-lasting
protection against all four serotypes could potentially increase disease severity for the non-vaccine strain(s) or as immunity wanes.
Back to Top
Current Control Strategy
As there are no drugs or vaccines for the treatment or prevention of dengue, control programs focus on:
1. Integrated vector control (i.e., combined use of environmental modification and chemical or biology interventions to interrupt
mosquito reproduction)
2. Active disease surveillance
3. Outbreak response preparedness
4. Training to improve diagnosis and patient management
Existing Products
Drugs
There are currently no drugs approved for the treatment of dengue. Treatment instead focuses on palliative care to manage fever and
prevent dehydration, especially for patients with severe disease. Treatment of dehydration associated with plasma loss in DHF can
significantly improve patient outcomes, reducing case fatality from 20% down to <1% for DHF.5
Drugs in development for dengue are discussed in the next section.
Vaccines
There is currently no vaccine approved for the prevention of dengue. Vaccines in development are discussed in the next section.
Diagnostics
There are numerous diagnostic assays available for dengue based on a wide range of technologies:
1. Virus isolation
2. Serological testing (including IgM antibody capture ELISA, IgG ELISA, neutralization assays, and lateral flow device for
NS1-specific antibodies)
3. Nucleic acid amplification (RT-PCR, real time RT-PCR, and nucleic acid-sequence based amplification assays)
4. Antigen detection (NS1 antigen detected by antigen capture ELISA)
The gold standard for dengue diagnosis is viral isolation as this allows for the most specific characterization of the dengue virus.
However, advanced laboratory facilities are required for this technique, limiting its application in the developing world.
Serological assays are the most commonly used diagnostics for dengue. There are over 50 commercial kits available based on the IgM
antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) developed by the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical
Sciences. A rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for detection of antibodies specific to the dengue NS1 protein is also available. However, the
RDT cannot distinguish between dengue virus serotypes. The WHO's Special Programme for Training and Research in Tropical
Diseases (TDR) conducts laboratory-based evaluations of existing dengue virus diagnostics to ensure quality-control.
Back to Top
References
1. Guzman MG et al. (2010) “Dengue: a continuing global health threat.” Nature Reviews Microbiology 8: S7-S16.
2. WHO (2010) First WHO report on neglected tropical diseases 2010: working to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical
diseases.
3. Whitehead SS et al. (2007) “Prospects for a dengue virus vaccine.” Nature Reviews Microbiology 5: 518-28.
4. Deen JL et al. (2006) “The WHO dengue classification and case definitions: time for a reassessment.” The Lancet 368:
170–173.
5. WHO Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Fact Sheet.
Get Involved
To learn how you can get involved in neglected disease drug, vaccine or diagnostic research and development, or to provide updates,
changes, or corrections to the Global Health Primer website, please view our FAQs or contact us at [email protected].
Pipeline & Analysis
Drugs | Vaccines | Diagnostics | Get Involved
Drugs
PIPELINE
Product/Research Program
Developers
Discovery
Pre-clinical
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
ASB010
Autoimmune
Technologies LLC
CB5300
Canopus BioPharma
PYN-18
Phynova
Onconase® (Ranpirnase),
Natural P31, and
Recombinant Amphinase 2
National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious
Diseases
Tamir Biotechnology
DengueCide
NanoViricides, Inc.
NS3 protease inhibitors
Janssen
Pharmaceutica
Medivir
Novartis dengue drug
discovery program
Novartis Institute for
Tropical Diseases
Siga dengue drug discovery
program
Siga Technologies,
Inc.
NanoViricides dengue drug
discovery program
NanoViricides, Inc.
Virion Dengue
Biotron
Anti-viral discovery program
Emory Institute for
Drug Discovery
Zirus
Neugene dengue antisense
compound
AVI BioPharma
On Hold
ANALYSIS
There are currently no drugs in clinical stage development for the treatment of dengue. However, the increasing prevalence of dengue
and the more recent re-emergence of dengue in Puerto Rico and the southern United States are raising interest in the development of
new dengue treatments.
There are currently nine pre-clinical or discovery stage projects including RNAi therapeutics and natural products (see
Targets/Technologies). These programs are too preliminary to provide detailed analysis at this time.
Back to Top
Vaccines
PIPELINE
Product/Research
Program
Developers
ChimeriVax™
Tetravalent Dengue
Vaccine
Sanofi Pasteur
T-DEN
GlaxoSmithKline
Walter Reed Army
Institute of Research
DENVax
Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention
InViragen, Inc.
TetraVax-DV
Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of
Public Health
National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious
Diseases
DEN1-80E
Merck & Co., Inc.
Subunit recombinant
antigen (domain III)
vaccine
Cuban Center for
Genetic Engineering and
Biotechnology
Pedro Kouri Tropical
Medicine Institute
Live attenuated chimeric
YF-DEN vaccine
Oswaldo Cruz
Foundation
Tetravalent DNA vaccine
GenPhar
Naval Medical Research
Center
Purified inactivated
tetravalent vaccine
GlaxoSmithKline
Walter Reed Army
Institute of Research
AltraDENV
Altravax
AVI 6006
AVI BioPharma
Live attenuated dengue
vaccine
Arbovax
St. Kitts Biomedical
Research Foundation
Walter Reed Army
Institute of Research
Quadravalent dengue
vaccine
Inovio Pharmaceuticals,
Inc.
Discovery
Pre-clinical
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
ANALYSIS
The vaccine development pipeline for dengue is primarily focused on the development of tetravalent live attenuated vaccines. The
most advanced vaccine is the ChimeriVax Dengue vaccine that is being developed by Sanofi Pasteur. The ChimeriVax system is a
live, attenuated recombinant virus constructed from an attenuated yellow fever virus in which the envelope protein genes of yellow
fever are replaced with those of dengue virus. Sanofi Pasteur is using a similar approach to build vaccines for West Nile virus and
Japanese encephalitis. The vaccine is designed to protect against all four dengue serotypes and is currently in phase III clinical trials.
There are three additional tetravalent live attenuated vaccines in phase I and II trials.
Additional vaccines in development include recombinant protein, DNA, and inactivated whole cell vaccines. Of these other
technologies, only one recombinant protein-based vaccine is in clinical development.
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Risks
Live attenuated
Serogroup targeted:
DENV1-4
Most advanced clinical
product
Result of incomplete or
short-term
seroconversion is
unknown (potential to
worsen disease)
Combination vaccine with
other ChimeriVax-based
flavivirus vaccines
Long term follow-up of
vaccinated patients will
be needed to confirm
ADE/original antigenic
sin are not induced
Published results for
pre-clinical studies of
non-human primates
showed good protection
using DEN2-80E and
tetravalent vaccine
Phase I using only 1
serotype rather than
tetravalent
Development of tetravalent
vaccine
Long term follow-up of
vaccinated patients will
be needed to confirm
ADE/original antigenic
sin are not induced
Most advanced
program: ChimeriVax,
Phase III
Recombinant protein
Serotypes targeted:
DENV1 (DENV2 and
tetravalent have been
evaluated in pre-clinical
studies)
Most advanced
program: DEN1-80E,
Phase I
May be cheaper to produce
and/or deliver than live
attenuated vaccine Phase III product likely
to be available many
years in advance of this
product Back to Top
Diagnostics
There are numerous diagnostic assays already available for dengue virus. An RDT that would diagnose dengue using saliva is in
development as a means of expediting dengue diagnosis and treatment. However, while new tests, such as RDTs that can distinguish
viral serotypes, would be useful for epidemiological purposes, vaccines and treatments are a higher priority for investment in dengue
research and development.
Get Involved
To learn how you can get involved in neglected disease drug, vaccine or diagnostic research and development, or to provide updates,
changes, or corrections to the Global Health Primer website, please view our FAQs or contact us at [email protected].
Tools
Drugs | Vaccines | Diagnostics | Get Involved
The following series of tables describe the availability of tools for research, discovery, and development of novel drugs, vaccines, and
diagnostics for dengue. The tools listed in the following tables are not intended to be an all-inclusive list but rather capture the most
common tools used for drug, vaccine, and diagnostic development. The tools for dengue are generally well developed.
Drug Development Tools
Basic Research: Target
Identification
Target Validation
Genome: Sequenced
(all four serotypes)
Gene knock-outs: Yes,
using infectious clones. Key databases: EBI
2can Support Portal
Conditional gene
knock-outs: Yes,
temperature-sensitive
mutants
In vitro culture:
Clinical isolates
propagate poorly in
vitro. Several infectious
laboratory strains are
available that grow in
mosquito and
mammalian cell
cultures. Cell
culture-infectious
molecular clones
available for all four
serotypes.
Transposon
mutagenesis: Possible
RNAi: Yes, by utilizing
machinery of host cell
Screening: Hit/Lead
Identification
Optimization
Whole-cell
screening assays:
Yes, replicons
Enzymatic
screening assays:
Yes, for protease
(NS3), helicase
(NS3), polymerase
(NS5),
methyltransferase
(NS5)
Other antisense
technology: Yes,
antisense
oligonucleotides and
ribozymes; DNAzymes
possible for related
flavivirus.
Clinical
Validation
Pre-clinical Validation
Animal models: Yes Wild-type
mice relatively resistant so
severely immune-compromized
models using non-physiologic
infection routes, adapted dengue
strains, or engraftment of human
cells are used Rhesus
macaques and chimpanzees
most consistently reproduce
symptoms of dengue fever or
DHF/DSS Miniature swine
model is in development
Monitoring
treatment
efficacy:
Yes
Availability
of
endpoints:
Yes, viral
clearance
Availability
of surrogate
endpoints:
No
Access to
clinical trial
patients /
sites: Yes
Viability assays: Yes Transcription
microarrays: Yes, of
infected cells
Proteomics: Yes
Crystal structures: Yes
Back to Top
Vaccine Development Tools
Basic Research:
Immune Response Characterization
Clinical Validation
Antigen Identification
See drug
development tools
above
Predictive animal models: Animal models available but
limited predictive value due to immunodeficiency and/or
inability to mimic human disease states
Detection of endogenous antigen specific response in
clinical samples: Yes, neutralizing antibodies against E
protein provide lifelong protection against homologous
strains
Surrogate markers of protection: Yes,
neutralizing antibodies can be detected by
plaque reduction neutralization technique
(PRNT)
Challenge studies possible: No
Natural immunity well characterized: Natural immunity
is well understood for repeated infection with a single viral
strain, but still subject of study for heterotypic infections
Diagnostic Development Tools
Basic Research: Biomarker
Identification
See drug development tools
above
Biomarker Validation
Biomarkers known: Yes, viral RNA,
proteins, and antibodies detectable
Access to clinical samples: Yes
Clinical Validation
Access to clinical trial patients/sites: Yes
Treatment available if diagnosed: No specific
antivirals, supportive and rehydration therapy is
standard
Possible sample types: Serum,
plasma, blood, saliva, urine
Back to Top
Get Involved
To learn how you can get involved in neglected disease drug, vaccine or diagnostic research and development, or to provide updates,
changes, or corrections to the Global Health Primer website, please view our FAQs or contact us at [email protected].
Product Details
ACA-ELISA
Synonyms:
Antigen-capture anti-dengue ELISA
ACA-ELISA
Notes:
Disease:
Dengue fever
Technology:
Immunoassay
Specific Indication:
Secondary dengue infection
Sample of Type:
Saliva
Portability:
Peripheral laboratory
Training Required:
Moderate
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
9574674
21572982
AltraDENV
Synonyms:
AltraDENV
Dengue Tetravalent Vaccine
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
DNA vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Anti-viral discovery program
Synonyms:
Anti-viral discovery program
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Host cell-targeted therapy
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
Publications:
ASB010
Synonyms:
ASB010
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Natural products
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
AVI 6006
Synonyms:
AVI 6006
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
CB5300
Synonyms:
CB5300
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
ChimeriVax™ Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine
Synonyms:
CYD Dengue vaccine
ChimeriVax™ Tetravalent Dengue
Vaccine
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Viral vector vaccines
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Preventive, serotypes 1, 2, 3,
and 4
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT01134263
NCT00993447
NCT01064141
NCT00880893
NCT01187433
NCT00740155
NCT00617344
NCT00875524
NCT00842530
NCT00788151
DEN1-80E
Synonyms:
DEN1-80E
HBV-001 D1
Recombinant E subunit vaccine
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, serotype 1
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT00936429
20097152
DengueCide
Synonyms:
DengueCide
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
DENVax
Synonyms:
DENVax
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Live attenuated vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, serotypes 1, 2, 3,
and 4
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Administration Route:
Molecule Class:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT01224639
21633037
Live attenuated chimeric YF-DEN vaccine
Synonyms:
Live attenuated chimeric
YF-DEN vaccine
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Live attenuated vaccines
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
21079655
Live attenuated dengue vaccine
Synonyms:
Live attenuated dengue vaccine
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Live attenuated vaccines
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
deletion of genes encoding viral envelope glycoproteins
Product Type:
Vaccine
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
NanoViricides dengue drug discovery program
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
Publications:
Synonyms:
NanoViricides dengue drug
discovery program
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Neugene dengue antisense compound
Synonyms:
Neugene dengue antisense
compound
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
RNAi therapeutic
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Novartis dengue drug discovery program
Synonyms:
Novartis dengue drug discovery
program
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NS3 protease inhibitors
Synonyms:
NS3 protease inhibitors
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Proteases
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Molecule Class:
Drug
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Onconase® (Ranpirnase), Natural P31, and Recombinant Amphinase 2
Synonyms:
Onconase® (Ranpirnase), Natural
P31, and Recombinant Amphinase
2
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
RNase (triggers apoptosis)
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
Publications:
Purified inactivated tetravalent vaccine
Synonyms:
Purified inactivated tetravalent
vaccine
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Inactivated vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
21079655
PYN-18
Synonyms:
PYN-18
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Natural products
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Administration Route:
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Quadravalent dengue vaccine
Synonyms:
Quadravalent dengue vaccine
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
DNA vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, all four serotypes
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Siga dengue drug discovery program
Synonyms:
Siga dengue drug discovery
program
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Unknown
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Drug
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
Subunit recombinant antigen (domain III) vaccine
Synonyms:
Subunit recombinant antigen
(domain III) vaccine
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Recombinant/purified protein vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive
Mechanism of Action:
Chimeric domain III protein fused to p64k of Neisseria
meningitidis
Product Type:
Vaccine
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
Publications:
21079655
T-DEN
Synonyms:
T-DEN
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Live attenuated vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, serotypes 1, 2, 3,
and 4
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Administration Route:
Molecule Class:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT00239577
NCT00468858
NCT00350337
NCT00384670
NCT00370682
NCT00322049
Tetravalent DNA vaccine
Synonyms:
Tetravalent DNA vaccine
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
DNA vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
21079655
TetraVax-DV
Synonyms:
TetraVax-DV
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Live attenuated vaccines
Specific Indication:
Preventive, serotypes 1, 2, 3,
and 4
Mechanism of Action:
Product Type:
Vaccine
Administration Route:
Molecule Class:
PRV Elegible?
Yes
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Publications:
NCT01072786
Virion Dengue
Synonyms:
Virion Dengue
Disease:
Dengue fever
Target/Technology:
Ion channels
Specific Indication:
Mechanism of Action:
M protein inhibitor; blocks the ion channel activity of
viroporins
Product Type:
Drug
PRV Elegible?
No
Notes:
Clinical Trials:
Molecule Class:
Administration Route:
Publications:
Developer Details
Janssen Pharmaceutica (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Dengue fever
NS3 protease inhibitors
Discovery
Medivir (Sweden)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Dengue fever
NS3 protease inhibitors
Discovery
Pedro Kouri Tropical Medicine Institute (Cuba)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
Subunit recombinant antigen (domain III) vaccine
Pre-clinical
Cuban Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (Cuba)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
Subunit recombinant antigen (domain III) vaccine
Pre-clinical
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Brazil)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
Live attenuated chimeric YF-DEN vaccine
Pre-clinical
Naval Medical Research Center (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
Tetravalent DNA vaccine
Pre-clinical
GenPhar (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
Tetravalent DNA vaccine
Pre-clinical
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
Purified inactivated tetravalent vaccine
Pre-clinical
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
T-DEN
Phase II
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
Live attenuated dengue vaccine
Pre-clinical
GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
Purified inactivated tetravalent vaccine
Pre-clinical
GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
T-DEN
Phase II
Sanofi Pasteur (France)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
ChimeriVax™ Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine
Phase III
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
DENVax
Phase I
InViragen, Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
DENVax
Phase I
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Dengue fever
Onconase® (Ranpirnase), Natural P31, and Recombinant Amphinase
2
Pre-clinical
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
TetraVax-DV
Phase I
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
TetraVax-DV
Phase I
Merck & Co., Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
DEN1-80E
Phase I
Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (Singapore)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Dengue fever
Novartis dengue drug discovery program
Discovery
Siga Technologies, Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Dengue fever
Siga dengue drug discovery program
Discovery
Autoimmune Technologies LLC (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Dengue fever
ASB010
Pre-clinical
AVI BioPharma (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Dengue fever
Neugene dengue antisense compound
Pre-clinical
AVI BioPharma (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
AVI 6006
Pre-clinical
Canopus BioPharma (Ireland)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Dengue fever
CB5300
Pre-clinical
NanoViricides, Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Dengue fever
NanoViricides dengue drug discovery program
Discovery
NanoViricides, Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Dengue fever
DengueCide
Pre-clinical
Phynova (United Kingdom)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Dengue fever
PYN-18
Pre-clinical
Tamir Biotechnology (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Dengue fever
Onconase® (Ranpirnase), Natural P31, and Recombinant Amphinase
2
Pre-clinical
Environmental Health Institute (Singapore)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Diagnostic
Dengue fever
ACA-ELISA
Pre-clinical
Altravax (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
AltraDENV
Pre-clinical
Biotron (Australia)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Dengue fever
Virion Dengue
Discovery
St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation (St. Kitts and Nevis)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
Live attenuated dengue vaccine
Pre-clinical
Arbovax (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
Live attenuated dengue vaccine
Pre-clinical
Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Vaccine
Dengue fever
Quadravalent dengue vaccine
Pre-clinical
Emory Institute for Drug Discovery (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Dengue fever
Anti-viral discovery program
Discovery
Zirus (United States)
Type
Disease
Product/Research Program
Current Phase
Drug
Dengue fever
Anti-viral discovery program
Discovery