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Name Pate Class ^^^ggggjjj The Nature of Soil S c jgj| r Directions: Answer the following questions on the lines provided. Study the diagram of a soil profile to answe questions 1-5. I. W h i c h soil layer contains the most humus? 2. H o w far into the soil do plant roots grow? 3. Where i n this soil profile is organic matter broken down? ^^^^^ igjME 4. Where i n this soil profile is solid rock being weathered into soil? 5. What is the name o f the process by which water carries dissolved minerals from the upper horizons down to the lower levels? 6. What factors help determine the type o f soil, such as the thickness o f the layers and their composition? 7. Choose a factor from Question 6 and explain how it can affect the soil i n an area. Name Date Class Directions: Unscramble the terms in rtalics to complete the sentences below. Write the terms on the lines provided. _ _ 1. gonPliw mechanically turns and loosens the soil to grow crops. 2. W h e n soil is moved from the place where it formed, the process is called sieroon. 3. There is n o plowing and plant stalks are left i n the field i n li-toln gimnarf. 4. In artericeng, flat-topped areas are built into the sides o f steep hills and mountains to grow crops. 5. I n dry regions where sheep and cattle eat the grasses, reggianvorz increases soil erosion. 6. Each year, clearing thousands o f square kilometers o f nair setrof destroys soil i n the tropics. Directions: Answer the following questions on the lines provided. 7. What can be done to reduce erosion at construction sites? 8. What effect does overgrazing have o n topsoil? 9. W h y shouldn't more land be cleared for farming and grazing as old land is worn out? 10. W h y do people need soil? 11. What can farmers do to reduce soil erosion? Name Date Class Erosional Forces chapter ^IsiBHHlliHH •LI Directions: Using the word bank provided, complete the following statements. creep deposition erosion gravity landslide mass movement mudflow rockfalls rock slide slump wins 1. The process that wears away surface materials and moves them from one place to another is called . 2. The force o f attraction that pulls all objects toward Earth's center is 3. Blocks o f rock break loose and tumble through the air i n . . 4. A mass movement with sediments slowly shifting their positions down h i l l is called 5. A combination o f mass movements such as slump, rock slides and mudflow would be called a(n) . 6. W h e n agents o f erosion lose energy and drop their sediments, it is referred to as 7. Layers o f rock breaking loose and slipping downhill suddenly is a(n) . 8. A mass of material slipping downhill along a curved surface creates a(n) 9. The general term used to describe erosion that happens as gravity moves materials down a slope is . 10. A thick mixture o f sediment and water flowing down a slope is commonly called a(n) 11. The process o f erosion may be slowed down, but mass movement cannot be eliminated because gravity always . Directions: List three factors most mass movements have in common. 12 13 14 . Name Date ^^SQU^QSj Glaciers Ctass c «gpg r Directions: Answer the following questions on the lines provided. 1. H o w are continental glaciers and valley glaciers similar? 2. H o w are continental glaciers and valley glaciers different? Directions: Use your answers above to identify the glaciers described below. You may need to use both typ answer a question. 3. They form t/-shaped valleys. 4. They covered much of Earth during ice ages. 5. They deposit till and outwash. 6. They weather rocks by plucking. 7. They form i n areas that have cold temperatures all year. 8. They are now located only i n the polar regions. 9. They are the k i n d of glaciers found i n Montana today. 10. They can create cirques on the side o f mountains. Name Date Class Directions: Complete the following sentences using the correct terms. 1. W i n d erosion called hit them. pits and polishes rocks when b l o w n sand grains are a common form of w i n d deposit i n desert regions and near 2. oceans and lakes. 3. M u c h o f the midwestern United States is o n fertile soil that developed from deposits. is sediment that is as fine as talcum powder. 4. 5. Erosion and are part of a cycle that shapes and reshapes the land. is w i n d erosion that can be compared to sandblasting. 6. 7. W h e n windblown sediments pile up behind obstacles, 8. Abrasion and deflation are forms of 9. Loess and dunes are are formed. erosion. of wind-eroded sediments. is w i n d erosion that picks up small particles and leaves heavier 10. particles behind. 11. The side o f a sand dune away from the wind has a facing the wind. erosion is common i n deserts, beaches, and plowed fields. 12. 13. D u r i n g a 14. slope than the side , sand grains form a low cloud just above the ground. blow topsoil from open fields, overgrazed areas, and places where vegetation has disappeared. 15. People i n many countries plant trees to act as 16. Along many seacoasts and deserts, 17. Plants with fibrous erosion. to reduce w i n d erosion. is planted to reduce erosion. systems, such as grasses, work best at stopping w i n d 18. One common dune shape is a crescent-shaped dune known as a . Name Data |Jj|^gggjjg Class j^jj| C Water Erosion and r Directions: Write the correct term from the word bank on the line next to its definition. alluvial fan bed load delta drainage basin flood plain gully erosion meander rill erosion sheet erosion silt stream erosion suspended load 1. light weight sediments that are picked up and moved 2. erosion caused by a thin, broad layer of water 3. area o f land from which streams or rivers collect runoff 4. broad, flat valley floor formed by meandering stream dropping fertile sediment 5. flat, triangular land extending into the ocean, formed from dropped sediment 6. process by which stream channel becomes deeper and wider 7. small groove that continues to enlarge, forming a channel 8. larger, heavy particles that roll along the bottom o f a stream 9. very fine sediment 10. sediment deposits onto valley floor at the base o f a mountain stream 11. created by rill channel becoming broader and deeper 12. broad, curved arc i n the path o f a stream Directions: Complete the study chart below on the life and characteristics of a stream. (Hint: Refer to Figure 8 in the text book for additional help.) Type of Stream 13. 14. Mature Speed and Location Physical Characteristics swiftly runs through steep valleys waterfalls, rapids Location of Erosion smooth flowing in valley 15. flat floodplain, erodes sides and oxbow lakes V 1 1 1 bottom only slightly 1 J Name Date Class ^Q^ggggH Groundwater c jjgjj r Directions: Study the following diagrams. Then label the parts using the correct terms from the list below artesian well aquifer stalactite stalagmite water table zone of saturation 4. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ J .^Saturatedwith Name Date ^^EBEEHESBI Class Ocean Shoreline chapter Directions: For each item, write every other letter, beginning with the first letter, on line a. Next, beginning with the second letter, write every other letter on line b. Add spaces between words in a and b. Then on line c, write an explanation of the relationship between the terms in lines a and b. 1. N B O A T R O R N I A E M R A I I S N L L A A N N D D S a. ; b. c. 2. P L A O R N A G L S L H E O L R S E T C H U E R S R H E O N R T E a. b. , c. 3. S B E E D A I C M H E E N S T a. b. , c. 4. T S I U D R E F S A C C U a. b. c. ERWRAEVNETSS Name Date fe'f^MEffi^HH Class Weathering chapter Directions: Using the terms provided, complete the weathering comparison chart below. animals chemical reactions chemical weathering ice wedging mechanical weathering natural add oxidation physical processes plant add plant Weathering,^ (1) 2 Types of Weathering (3) : rocks are broken apart; new rocks are similar to original rocks (5) (4) dissolves or changes minerals; new rocks ferent from original Definition : (6) : the are difrocks : water freezes i n rock cracks carbonic acid dissolves rock, creating caves (7) (8) : roots force into cracks, then grow and break rock (9) I (2) oxygen and water react with minerals to break down into rust Ways Weathering Occurs : digging, scratching at rocks, causing rocks to move : (10) 1 1 from decaying plants weakens rocks J Directions: Number the following events about ice wedging in the order they happen. The first step in the sequence has been numbered for you. 11. Ice Wedging water freezes and expands ice melts, allowing more water to enter crack pressure builds and extends the crack 1 water enters crack i n rock crack extends and breaks apart the rock