Download Exam 2 review Earth Science 2 Exam on April 8th

Exam 2 review
Earth Science 2
Exam on April 8th
1. How is Earth organized?
A. Earth has an inner and outer core, a mantle, and a crust.
B. Earth has an inner mantle and an outer lithosphere. with a liquid inner core.
C. Earth's crust rests atop the liquid mantle and the solid outer core.
D. The inner core is solid, the mantle is solid, and the crust is solid under the continents and liquid under the oceans.
2. Subduction occurs:
A. When one plate crashes into another.
B. When a lithospheric plate is recycled into Earth's interior.
C. When a plate enters the inner core.
D. When a continent is recycled beneath an overriding plate.
E. During orogenesis.
3. Oceanic crust:
A. Is formed by asteroid impact.
B. Is enriched in iron and magnesium compared to continental crust.
C. Forms from sea salt.
D. Is made of metamorphic rock.
4. Magnetic reversals are caused by:
A. Lunar gravitational effects.
B. Changes in the rate at which Earth orbits the Sun.
C. Impacts of extraterrestrial objects.
D. Unknown causes.
O E. Faster subduction rates across Earth.
5. Evidence that the polarity of Earth's geomagnetic field has reversed in the past is found:
A. In magnetic striping in volcanic arcs.
B. In magnetic reversals recorded by iron minerals in oceanic crust.
C. In accretionary prisms.
D. Where magma develops above a subducting slab.
6. Three plate boundaries, defined by relative motion, are:
A. Convergent, diverging, and lateral.
B. Convergent, divergent, and transform.
C. Strike slip, hotspot. and spreading center.
D. Spreading center, transform, and divergent.
E. None of the choices is correct.
7. The three types of convergent plate boundaries are:
A. Convergent, divergent, and volcanic.
B. Ocean-ocean, ocean-continent, and continent-continent
C. Subducting, divergent, and shearing
D. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
E. None of the choices is correct.
8. The Himalayan Mountains are an example of:
A. Extraterrestrial impact.
B. Continent-ocean convergence.
C. A subduction zone.
D. Continent-continent convergence.
Exam 2 review
Earth Science 2
9. At the San Andreas transform fault.
A. Lithosphere is subducted as one plate dives below another.
B. New lithosphere is formed as two plates pull away from each other.
C. Pressure-release melting recycles old crust.
D. The Pacific Plate moves to the north relative to the North American Plate.
10 Earthquakes occur most often at:
A. Divergent plate boundaries.
B. Ocean-ocean convergent plate boundaries.
C. Ocean-continent plate boundaries.
D. Transform boundaries.
E. All of the choices are correct.
11 The rock cycle is a concept that:
A. Has no relationship to plate tectonics.
B. Is not a well-accepted hypothesis.
C. Describes the recycling of rock.
D. Was first described only two decades ago.
12. What is the best definition of a volcano?
A. Any landform from which lava. gas. or ashes escape from underground.
B. A large mountain that spews lava. gas. or ashes.
C. Any feature on Earth that emits gas and lava or has done so in the past.
D. A hole in the ground from which lava escapes.
E. A layer of ash on sloping ground.
13. Why are hotspots characterized by both explosive and nonexplosive volcanism?
A. Because they always occur near seawater.
B. Hotspots are never explosive.
C. Because of their high temperature.
D. Hotspots may have different types of magma sources.
E. Hotspots are only explosive if they have a basaltic magma source.
14 What are the three products of volcanism?
A. Gas. water, and dust
B. Rock. lava, and intrusions
C. Volcanic gas. lava, and pyroclastic debris
D. Pyroclastic debris, fluid lava, and hardened lava
E. Volcanoes, craters, and vents.
15 The viscosity of magma increases when:
A. High silica content builds tetrahedral chains.
B. Low silica content dissolves tetrahedral chains.
C. High gas content breaks down tetrahedral chains.
D. Low gas content breaks down tetrahedral chains.
E. The number of tetrahedra decreases.
Exam on April 8th
Exam 2 review
Earth Science 2
Exam on April 8th
16. Shield volcanoes always occur at convergent margins.
A. True
B. False
17. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is actually a monogenetic field.
A. True
B. False
18. Few volcanoes actually erupt lava: most erupt granite.
A. True
B. False
19. A large igneous province may mark the point at which a mantle plume first discharged lava onto the crust.
A. True
B. False
20. Rhyolite caldera complexes most commonly are formed in places where continental crust is partially melted,
producing a high-silica magma source.
A. True
B. False
21. A lava dome:
A. Is formed by a large pile of cinders in the shape of a cone.
B. Acts like a plug in a vent and hence is usually explosively expelled.
C. Is found only in shield volcanoes over hotspots.
D. Is typically composed of low-silica basalt.
E. All of these.
22. Yellowstone volcano:
A. Is associated with a hotspot under continental crust.
B. Is an example of a rhyolite caldera complex.
C. Is the site of the largest volcanic eruption in known geologic history.
D. Still has an active magma chamber below ground.
O E. All of these.
23 Name three tectonic settings in which volcanism occurs and the type of volcanism found in each.
A. Settings 
Type
1. Spreading Center  Arc volcanism
2. Divergent  Spreading center volcanism
3. Rifting  Intraplate volcanism
B. Settings  Type
1 Convergent  Arc volcanism
2 Divergent  Spreading center volcanism
3. Hotspot  Intraplate volcanism
C. Settings
1 Effusive  Shield volcano
2 Explosive  Spreading center volcanism
3. Rifting  Stratovolcano
D. Settings  Type
1. Hotspot  Pyroclastic flow
2. Coldspot  Extinct volcano
3. Island arc  Rhyolite caldera complex
Exam 2 review
Earth Science 2
24 How is the explosivity of a volcano related to its magma chemistry'
A. magma turbulence is one factor in determining its explosivity
B. higher nitrogen content causes less explosivity
C. magma gas content is related to its explosivity
D. magma porosity determines explosivity
E. none of these
25 What makes some lava more fluid than others?
A. water content
B. silica content
C. degree of metamorphism
D. whether it is sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic
E. none of these
26 How does the chemistry and gas content of magma determine the shape of a volcano?
A. Central vent volcanoes have steep slopes because their magma source is basaltic
B. Low silica magma has high gas content and therefore produces large-scale volcanic terrains
C. High silica magma tends to form flatter slopes and effusive eruptions
D. Chemistry and gas content have no bearing on volcano shape
E. Magma chemistry and gas content influence lava viscosity, eruptive style, and volcano shape
26. Earthquake risk has increased in recent decades because:
A. There are more earthquakes.
B. Earthquakes have grown longer.
C. The human population has expanded.
D. Plate margins have become more dangerous.
E. All choices are correct.
27. In regions lacking modem engineering standards, the greatest hazard during an earthquake is
A. Building collapse.
B. Ground fractures.
C. Violent shaking.
D. Groundwater withdrawal.
E. None of the choices is correct.
28. Earthquake hazards include:
A. Shaking, fires, landslides, and tsunamis.
B. Tsunamis, liquefaction.
C. Lack of communication, lack of food and water due to damaged public services.
D. Lack of emergency help, building collapse, mass wasting.
E. All choices are correct.
29. What is an earthquake?
A. A sonic boom
B. Any rock fracture
C. Sudden rapid shaking of Earth's crust
D. Any breakage of rock
E. None of the choices is correct.
30. Earthquake at divergent margins tend to be:
A. Deep and strong.
B. Produced by normal faulting.
C. On the surface of a subducting slab.
D. Related to compression.
O E. Caused by anticlines.
Exam on April 8th
Exam 2 review
Earth Science 2
Exam on April 8th
31. Examples of U.S. intraplate seismicity include
A. San Francisco.
B. Charleston.
C. Los Angeles.
D. Seattle.
E. Portland.
32. Seismicity at divergent, convergent, and transverse plate boundaries is caused by the following stresses (in
correct order):
A. Compressive, shear, and subductive
B. Transverse, subductive. and decompression
C. Tensional. compressional. and shearing
D. Normal, reverse, and plunging
E. None of the choices is correct.
33 Which type of seismic wave causes changes in volume of material?
A. P Wave
B. S wave
C. Rayleigh wave
D. Love wave
E. None of the choices is correct.
34. Finding an epicenter requires:
A. Firsthand accounts.
B. Seismic tomography.
C. Wave infraction.
D. Triangulation.
E. Calculating the intensity.
35. The first seismic wave recorded on a seismogram is the:
A. Rayleigh wave.
B. S wave.
C. P wave.
D. Love wave._
E. All body waves arrive at the same time.
36Earthquake magnitude is measured by:
A. The Richter Scale.
B. The Modified Mercalli Scale.
C. The epicenter.
D. Triangulation.
E. The level of damage.
37. The three types of stresses are:
A. Anticline, syncline. and monocline.
B. Folds, faults, and fractures.
C. Compressional. tensional. and shearing.
D. Elastic, ductile, and brittle.
E. Volcanic, fold and thrust fault-block.
38. Strain is:
A. A hotspot.
B. Only found where rock has been partially melted, usually in a subduction zone.
C. A condition of being sheared.
D. A change in shape and or volume of a rock caused by stress.
E. None of the choices is correct.
Exam 2 review
Earth Science 2
39 A reverse fault is formed when:
A. The footwall moves upward relative to the hanging wall block.
B. The fault plane shifts along the line of strike.
C. The hanging wall is displaced upward along the fault plane.
D. Tensional stress causes brittle strain.
E. All choices are correct.
40An anticline is the product of:
A. Tensional stress.
B. Compressive stress.
C. Shear stress.
D. Elastic stress.
E. Anticlines are not made by stress.
41.How do dip-slip and strike-slip faults differ from one another?
A. They describe different directions of movement along a fault plane.
B. Each is a different type of fold.
C. Only one of them involves ductile behavior.
D. They are not different-they are the same thing.
E. Both are the result of ductile strain.
42. Why does the formation of a fold require ductile behavior?
A. Because a rock must plastically deform around the bend.
B. Because it involves a reverse fault.
C. It does not require ductile behavior.
D. A fold only forms under shear stress.
O E. A fold is a type of dip-slip fault.
43. What are strike and dip?
A. Descriptions of partial melting.
B. The result of volcanic mountain building.
C. Symbols on a map indicating the orientation of a feature.
D. The angle that a fault is a folded after elastic behavior.
E. None of the choices is correct.
44. What types of faults are formed by tensional. compressive, and shear stresses, respectively?
A. Reverse fault, strike-slip fault, normal fault
B. Normal fault, strike-slip fault, reverse fault
C. Strike-slip fault, normal fault, reverse fault
D. Normal fault, reverse fault, strike-slip fault
E. None of the choices is correct.
45. Volcanic mountains:
A. Are found only at plate boundaries.
B. Are found at plate boundaries and hotspots.
C. Are formed by dip-slip faulting.
D. Are found only at continent-continent convergent boundaries.
E. None of the choices is correct.
Exam on April 8th