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Back Print Flashcards Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Section 1 the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen Photosynthesis Section 1 Autotroph a living thing that makes its own nutrients from inorganic substances or from the area around it instead of getting its nutrients by eating other living things Heterotroph a living thing that gets organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their byproducts and that cannot make organic compounds from inorganic materials Section 1 Section 1 the process by which cells make energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide Cellular Respiration Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Biology 27 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Back Print Flashcards Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Section 2 a substance that gives another substance or a mixture its color Pigment Section 2 a green pigment that is found in most plant cells, that gives plants their green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates Chlorophyll Section 2 a class of pigments that are present mostly in plants and that help in photosynthesis Carotenoid Section 2 a membrane system in chloroplasts that have the parts needed for photosynthesis Thylakoid Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Biology 28 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Back Print Flashcards Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Section 2 a series of molecules, found in the inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, through which electrons pass in a process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane Electron Transport Chain Section 2 NADPH a molecule that carries electrons and provides the high-energy electrons needed to make carbonhydogen bonds during photosynthesis Carbon Dioxide Fixation the series of reactions in which carbon dioxide is transferred to organic compounds during photosynthesis Section 2 Section 2 a series of reactions in photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose with the help of ATP Calvin Cycle Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Biology 29 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Back Print Flashcards Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Section 3 Aerobic describes a process that requires oxygen Anaerobic describes a process that does not require oxygen Glycolysis the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP; glycolysis does not require oxygen NADH a molecule that carries electrons that are eventually donated to other organic compounds during the glycolysis stage of cellular respiration Section 3 Section 3 Section 3 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Biology 30 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Back Print Flashcards Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Section 3 a series of reactions that changes pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; the Krebs cycle is the major pathway of oxidation in animal, bacterial, and plant cells, and it releases energy Krebs Cycle Section 3 FADH2 a molecule that carries electrons during the Krebs cycle stage of cellular respiration; the electrons are later passed to the electron transport chain Fermentation the breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen Section 3 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Biology 31 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration