Download Circulatory System

Circulatory System
Biology Content Standards
4. Anatomy and Physiology
Broad Concept: There is a relationship between the organization
of cells into tissues, and tissues into organs. The structure and
function of organs determine their relationships within body
systems of an organism. Homeostasis allows the body to perform
its normal functions.
4.2
By:
Mrs. Bailey
Functions of Blood
Explain how the circulatory system (heart, arteries, veins,
capillaries, red blood cells) transports nutrients and oxygen to
cells and removes cell wastes. Describe how the kidneys and the
liver are closely associated with the circulatory system as they
perform the excretory function of removing waste from the blood.
Recognize that kidneys remove nitrogenous wastes, and the liver
removes many toxic compounds from blood.
Composition of Blood
• Transport of:
Gases, nutrients, waste products
Regulatory molecules
• Regulation of pH
• Maintenance of body temperature
• Protection against foreign substances
• Clot formation
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Red Blood Cells
• Structure
Biconcave disk, anuclear
• Key Component
Hemoglobin
Red Blood Cells
• Function
Transport O2 from lungs
to tissues and CO2 from
tissues to lungs
White Blood Cells
Protect body against microorganisms and remove dead cells and debris
Platelets
• Cell fragments
• Important in
preventing blood loss
• Platelet plugs
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The Heart
Cardiac Muscle
• Organ that
supplies blood to all
parts of the body.
• A hollow muscular
pump, roughly the
same size as a fist.
1OTE! Cells are STRIATED and MULTInucleated
Intercalated discs and branching cells.
Heart
artery
pulmonary vein
pulmonary valve
bicuspid valve
tricuspid valve
aortic valve
septum
MMM
hhhhhhh
MMM
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FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART
Here is a recap of what we just discussed...
Blood from the body flows:
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to the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava,
then to the Right Atrium
through the Tricuspid Valve
to the Right Ventricle
through the Pulmonary Valve
to the Pulmonary Artery
to the Lungs
The blood picks up oxygen in the lungs, and then
flows from the lungs:
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to the Pulmonary Veins
to the Left Atrium
through the Mitral valve
to the Left Ventricle
through the Aortic Valve
to the Aorta
to the Body
Arteries - carry blood away from the heart
Arterioles are small arteries which direct blood flow using
precapillary sphincters.
Veins - carry blood toward the heart
Venules are small veins
Capillaries - carry blood from arterioles to venules
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Function of Blood Vessels
• Capillaries
have a thin wall
(1 cell thick) great for
exchange!
MOST IMPORTANT!
• Capillaries are
very tiny blood flows at its
slowest rate.
Circulatory Routes
Circulatory Routes
Systemic Circulation
Blood flow from the left
ventricle to all parts of
the body (including the
liver and the kidneys)
and back to the right
atrium.
Excretory System
Pulmonary
Circulation
Blood flow from the
right ventricle to the
lungs and returning
to the left atrium.
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Chief functions of the kidney are to:
• Process blood - remove nitrogenous wastes
• Regulate the body's fluid volume
• Form urine
Basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron
which forms urine via 3 processes:
1. Filtration
2. Reabsorption
3. Secretion
Liver
Largest gland in the body!
• The liver removes ammonia and
other wastes, and various poisons
(alcohol) that enter the body
through the digestive system.
• The liver converts the wastes
and poisons into water-soluble
substances, which are carried by
the blood to the kidneys.
• The kidneys filter out these and
other water-soluble wastes and
expel them from the body in
urine.
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