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Study Guide for Topic #19: Speed, Velocity, Acceleration, and Force What is the difference between speed and velocity? • The rate at which an object moves is its speed. • Velocity is speed in a particular direction. How do you calculate average speed? average speed= total distance total time How do you add two different velocities? If the objects are moving in the same direction, all you have to do is add them. The final velocity will be in that same direction. If the objects are moving in opposite directions: 1. Take the difference. 2. The final velocity will be in the direction of the larger velocity. What is acceleration? Acceleration is any change in velocity. • If an object’s speed changes, that is acceleration. • If an object’s direction changes, that is acceleration – even at the same speed! How do you calculate acceleration? acceleration= final velocity − initial velocity time it takes to change velocity What is a force? • A force is just a push or a pull. • A force always has a size and a direction. • The metric unit for force is the Newton (N). How do forces add up? Forces add in exactly the same way as we used for velocity! If the forces are in the same direction, all you have to do is add them. The net force will be in that same direction. If the forces are pointing in opposite directions: 1. Take the difference. 2. The net force will be in the direction of the larger force. What is the difference between a balanced and an unbalanced force? When the forces applied to an object produce a net force of zero, the forces are balanced. In this case: • There will be no acceleration. • Therefore, velocity will not change. • Therefore, neither speed nor direction will change! • In other words, the object will “keep on doing what it was doing.” When the net force on an object is NOT zero, the forces are unbalanced. In this case: • There will be acceleration. • Velocity will change. • Speed and/or direction will change! © 2016 Bruce H. McCosar