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Unit I Greek Prefix anti- = “against, opposite” and Latin Prefix ante- = “before” Lesson 3 Part A: Meet the Root Divide and Conquer Directions: “Divide” the words below, then “conquer” them by writing the meanings of the prefixes and bases in the blanks. Write the meaning of each whole word in the last blank. Use the Base and Suffix Bank and definitions below to help you fill in the chart. Word Prefix means Base means Word means 1. antecedent __________________ ___________________ __________________ 2. antidote __________________ ___________________ __________________ 3. antagonist __________________ ___________________ __________________ 4. antediluvian __________________ ___________________ __________________ 5. antithesis __________________ ___________________ __________________ 6. antipathy __________________ ___________________ __________________ 7. antiquity __________________ ___________________ __________________ 8. antiseptic __________________ ___________________ __________________ 9. antiphonal __________________ ___________________ __________________ 10. antebellum __________________ ___________________ __________________ Definitions • a remedy • extremely ancient; before the Great Flood • opposition; stark contrast; the opposite • prior in time or order; preceding • occurring before a war • an adversary or foe • a strong dislike; distaste • sung in alternating responses • scrupulously clean; also, fighting infection • the distant past 14 #50593—Building Vocabulary from Word Roots Base and Suffix Bank agon = struggle, contest bellum = war ced = go, move, yield diluv = flood dot = give path = feeling, suffering phon = voice -quity = the state of sept = decay, infection thes = put, place © Teacher Created Materials Unit IUnit I Lesson 13 Greek Prefix anti- = “against, opposite” and Latin Prefix ante- = “before” Part B: Context Clues Combine and Create Directions: Study the 10 words listed in the “Divide and Conquer” activity on page 14, and complete each of the following sentences with the anti- or ante- word that best fits the context. (You may add suffixes to the words.) 1. In the early 19th century, the ___________________________ economy of the American southern states was almost entirely agricultural. 2. If you are serious about studying collections of classical ___________________________, you must learn Latin. 3. We took all necessary ___________________________ precautions to make sure no one would break into our house while we were vacationing. 4. The ancient stories of many world cultures include accounts of an ________________ age. 5. Chemical spray cans like insecticides always list what ___________________________ is to be administered in case the contents are accidentally swallowed. 6. I have an ___________________________ to discussing politics with strangers. 7. She married a man who was the ___________________________ of her industrious father because her sweetheart was totally lacking in ambition. 8. Hospitals are often criticized for having an ___________________________ odor. 9. The hero of the movie was hounded at every turn by his sinister ____________________. 10. The boys and girls were arranged into separate choirs for rounds of _________________ singing. © Teacher Created Materials #50593—Building Vocabulary from Word Roots 15 Unit I Lesson 3 Greek Prefix anti- = “against, opposite” and Latin Prefix ante- = “before” Part C: Read and Reason Reading for Meaning Directions: Read the following passage, paying special attention to all the words beginning with the prefixes anti- and ante-. Then, answer the questions that follow. War and Change It was the antebellum period, the time before the American Civil War. Charleston, South Carolina, was the hub of Southern society. Southern antebellum architecture reflected a particular style: for example, many homes were constructed with imposing columns and elaborate antechambers where guests would remove their coats and hats before entering the main rooms. However, the defeat and capture of Fort Sumter by the Confederates, an antecedent to the major battles of the Civil War, changed the social and political climate of South Carolina. On April 10, 1861, Brigadier General G. T. Beauregard, commander of the provisional Confederate soldiers in Charleston, demanded that the Union garrison surrender its hold on Fort Sumter in the Charleston Harbor. Major Robert Anderson, head of the Union garrison, refused. Two days later, Confederate soldiers attacked the fort. Union soldiers were unable to respond effectively. On the afternoon of April 13, the Union forces surrendered. The bombardment of Fort Sumter is often identified as the opening engagement of the American Civil War and the start of North versus South antagonism. The events at Fort Sumter in South Carolina antagonized the Northern states and caused great antipathy among Northerners toward the Southern states, the new Confederate States of America. In short, the North was now placed squarely against the South. Full-scale war and change were on the horizon. 1. The Civil War occurred between 1861 and 1865. Which date is considered to be part of the antebellum period—1852, 1862, or 1872? How do you know? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe how the people from New York and Massachusetts may have felt after the fall of Fort Sumter. Why do you think they might have felt this way? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 16 #50593—Building Vocabulary from Word Roots © Teacher Created Materials Unit IUnit I Lesson 13 Greek Prefix anti- = “against, opposite” and Latin Prefix ante- = “before” Part D: Solving Riddles Extend and Explore Directions: Select five of the words below. Write a riddle for each. Then, ask a classmate to solve the riddles. You solve his or hers. See below for an example using the word antonym. antagonist antioxidants antecedent antipathy Example: anterior antique I have three syllables. antibacterial antisocial I have two roots. My prefix means “against.” My base means “name.” 1. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ I mean “opposite.” What am I? ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 4. ___________________________________ 2. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 5. ___________________________________ 3. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ © Teacher Created Materials #50593—Building Vocabulary from Word Roots 17 Unit I Lesson 3 Greek Prefix anti- = “against, opposite” and Latin Prefix ante- = “before” Part E: Word Spokes Go for the Gold! Directions: Fill in the outside squares with words using the Greek prefix anti- or the Latin prefix ante-. Then, choose a different word from your cluster for each of the directions below. Did You Know? How did the Arctic and Antarctica get their names? If you think that the name Antarctica means “against, opposite” the Arctic, you are right! Just as south is the “opposite” of north, so is the South Pole opposite to the North Pole. But what about the base of these words? What does arc(t) stand for? Believe it or not, the Greek base arc(t) means “bear.” Geographers named the Arctic Circle after the constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major, in Latin), also known as the Big Dipper. The North Star shines so brightly in this constellation that astronomers identify “The Great Bear” with the northernmost pole of the heavens. Geographers followed their example when they gave the name Arctic to the north pole! If “The Bear” is the most northern constellation in the sky, it makes sense to call the most northern spot on Earth, the “Bear”—the Arctic! antiante- 1. Choose one of the words and write two synonyms. ________________________ ________________________ 2. Choose one of the words and write two antonyms. ________________________ ________________________ 3. Choose one of the words and write your own definition. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 4. Choose one of the words and use it in a sentence. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 18 #50593—Building Vocabulary from Word Roots © Teacher Created Materials