Download Review Packet for 6th Grade Science Final

Name: ________________________________________________________
Period: ______
Review Packet for 6th
Grade Science Final
Format:
Part 1 – 1-100 Multiple Choice Questions
(You will be using a scantron.)
Part 2 – 101-114 Short Answers
(You will be using a separate answer sheet.)
Part 3 – 115-119 Short Answers
(You will be using a separate answer sheet.)
Life Science
1. The function of each organelle:
a. Nucleus -control center of the cell. Where the chromosomes are found.
Control the heredity of traits.
b. Mitochondria -powerhouse of the cell. Where energy is made.
c. Cell membrane -controls the passage of nutrients into the cell and wastes out of
the cell.
d. chromosomes -are made of DNA. Contain genes which contain recipes for
making proteins.
e. cell wall -only found in plant cells. Protects and provides support for the cell.
f. ribosomes -read the recipes for making protein. This is where proteins are
made.
g. chloroplast_ -only found in plant cells. Where food is made using chlorophyll.
Site of photosynthesis
h. vacuole -stores water and nutrients.
i. cytoplasm -jelly-like fluid that holds organelles together and allows movement in
the cell.
j. DNA -carries the code which produces proteins and controls all activities in the
cell.
k. Endoplasmic Reticulum: it is the transport system. It transports ribosomes.
2. Label the plant and animal cell below and then complete the differences and
similarities in the Venn diagram below-
a. animal
cell
b. plant
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
mitochondria
Small vacuole
cell
nucleus
DNA (chromosomes)
chloroplast
Cell wall
Large vacuole
ribosomes
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
cytoplasm
chlorophyll
Makes its own food through
photosynthesis
3. Look at the diagram below.
This is the process of asexual reproduction because the offspring look EXACTLY
like the parent cell and the offspring was produced from ONE parent.
4. The picture below shows the joining of the egg and sperm to produce a zygote
which is sexual reproduction.
This process is called
fertilization.
5. The number of chromosomes in a human body cell- 46
6. The number of chromosomes found in a human sex cell-23
7. The male gives half the number of chromosomes, which is 50%.
8. The female gives half the number of chromosomes which is 50%.
9. The two types of sex cells are egg and sperm.
10. The male sex cell is the sperm and the female sex cell is the egg
11. The cell division that makes the sex cells and produces eggs and sperms each in
which that has half the number of chromosomes is meiosis.
12. Mitosis is a process of cell division which results in the production of two
identical daughter cells from a single parent cell. All your BODY cells are made
this way. Hint: Mitosis – The “t” stands for TWIN (makes a twin).
13. Answer the following questions based on the diagram below.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
This is an example of sexual reproduction. Because there are two parents.
The parents have 4 children. They have 2 boys and 2 girls.
The father’s genotype is hybrid (N n). The mom’s genotype is recessive nn
How many children inherited the recessive allele? 4 or 100%
How many children’s phenotype represented the recessive trait? 2 or 50%
The recessive trait doesn’t show in the phenotype of the children with the
genotype Nn because they have a dominant allele which over powers (masks)
blocks it out, covers it, the recessive allele.
g. Fill-in the Punnett Square based on the diagram above.
n
N
n
n
Nn
Nn
nn
nn
14. In terms of capital letters (B) and lowercase letters (b), the allele for a
recessive trait would be lowercase letter (b) dominant would be capital letter (B)
15. In terms of capital letters (B) and lowercase letters (b), the alleles for a
hybrid trait would be Bb and pure trait would be BB or bb.
16. genetic engineering- transferring a gene from one organism to another. For
example when we went to the DNA Learning center, we transferred the gene from
the jelly fish to the bacteria and made the bacteria glow in the dark.
17. selective breeding-choosing to mate two organisms to get a desired result.
For example, pollinating a tomato plant that produces large tomatoes with one
that is seedless.
18. Segments of chromosomes that are recipes for specific traits are called
genes.
19. The change in the sequence of the order of the bases in the DNA code
mutation.
20. Abnormal cell division results in a mutation. An example of this is cancer.
21. Nitrogen basesa. adenine pairs with thymine
b. thymine pairs with adenine
c. guanine pairs with cytosine
d. cytosine pairs with guanine
22. Holds (bonds) the nitrogen bases together- hydrogen bond
23. The order of cellular organization is
1. cell
2. tissues
3. organs
4. organ system
5. organism
24. Use the words above to label these pictures:
a.
organ
b.
c.
organism
e.
tissues
d.
cells
organ system
25. According to the pedigree chart, “A” is the allele for a normal person and “a”
is the allele for an affected person. Look at the key and the pedigree chart. Then
answer the questions.
a. How many children did the couple have? 5
b. How many people are affected 1
Male or female? male
c. How many people have the genotype “AA” or “Aa”? The parents both have to be
hybrid Aa, in order for one of their children to be affected. The children who
aren’t affected are either AA or Aa. Since 4 children aren’t affected, the answer
is 6 the four children who aren’t affected and the two parents. The male who is
affected must be aa.
26. Fill in the chart with the differences of the male and female Drosophila
Melanogaster (fruit flies). Life cycle of fruit fly: egg, larva, pupa, adult
Male Drosophila
Female Drosophila
Round abdomen
Pointy abdomen
Mostly Black abdomen ( hard to see
stripes)
Striped abdomen ( easy to count
stripes
smaller
larger
Sex combs on front legs (Remember I
call them the hairy elbows.)
Smarter ( Just kidding!!!)
27. Punnett Squares
a. In purple people eaters, one-horn is dominant (H) and no horns is recessive (h).
Draw a Punnett square showing the cross of a purple people eater that is hybrid
for horns with a purple people eater that does not have horns. (recessive)
H
Hh x hh
h
h
Hh
h
hh
% genotype HH 0%
% genotype Hh 50%
% genotype hh 50%
Hh
hh
% phenotype one-horn 50%
% phenotype no horns 50%
b. Look at the Punnett Square below. Each offspring has a hybrid genotype.
Therefore, the parent’s genotypes would be T T x t t.
Tt Tt
Tt Tt
Microscope
1. Look at the picture of the preparation of a wet-mount slide.
To reduce air bubbles, make a list of what the student should do
when adding the coverslip to the slide?
Hold the coverslip by its edges
Bend at a 45 degree angle
Place it down near the drop of water to touch the water
2. Use the word bank to fill in the parts of the microscope.
coverslip
base
arm
bodytube
stage
stage clips
mirror
diaphragm
fine adjustment knob
coarse adjustment knob
high-power objective lens
low-power objective lens
eyepiece (ocular lens)
slide
nosepiece
6.
Eyepiece (ocular lens)
coarse adjustment knob
7.
bodytube
8.
nosepiece
9.
arm
low-power objective lens
10.
stage clips
11.
fine adjustment
knob
12.
13.
base
high-power objective lens
objective lens
stage
diaphragm
mirror
3. How do you find the total magnification? Multiply the objective lens’ power by
the eyepiece’s power.
Objective Lens
Total Magnification
Low-power (10x)
100 x
High-power (40x)
400 x
4. Read each of the functions below. Then use the word bank on the previous page
to fill in the correct microscope part.
a. stage
- This is where the specimen is placed for viewing.
b. eyepiece (ocular lens) - This is the part you look through. It magnifies the
specimen 10 times its original size.
c. arm- This part connect the body tube to the base of the microscope. It is also
the part you use to carry the microscope.
d. revolving nosepiece- This part turns allowing you to switch objective lenses.
e. low power objective lens - This part also magnifies the specimen 10 times its
original size but it is located on the nosepiece.
f. body tube - This part is in between the ocular lens and the revolving nosepiece.
g. coarse adjustment knob - This part is used for focusing. It moves the body
tube closer to or further from the specimen.
h. base - This is the bottom part of the microscope.
i. diaphragm & mirror - These parts you would use to increase or decrease the
amount of light coming up through the slide.
j. fine adjustment knob - This part is used to sharpen the focus of the specimen.
k. stage clips - These help hold the specimen slide in place.
l. high power objective lens - This part can magnify the specimen 40 or 43 times
its original size.
Earth Science
1. weather -daily/short term conditions of the Earth’s atmosphere.
2. climate-the weather in an area over a long period of time.
3. meteorologist-a person who studies/predicts weather conditions of the
atmosphere.
4. Which 4 factors interact to cause weather? W.H.A.T.
a. W inds
b. H umidity
c. A ir pressure
d. T emperature
5. What is the major cause of weather and the major reason for the differences
in temperature here on Earth? The unequal heating of the Earth’s surface causes
the land to heat up faster than the water causing the air above these areas to be
different temperatures. Also because the equator receives direct rays from the
sun and the poles indirect rays causing the air in these areas to have different
temperatures.
6. How does weather generally
move across the United States?
From west to east
7. Look at the diagram and fill
in the boxes with the correct
words from the word bank
below.
troposphere
lithosphere
hydrosphere
atmosphere
The layer that weather occurs
in is the Troposphere
8. Complete the chart to identify the weather instruments, what they measure
and the unit of measurement:
Instrument
Name
Barometer
Measures
Air pressure
Unit
Mb or inches
Anemometer
Wind speed
mph
psychrometer
Relative Humidity
%
Wind vane
Weather vane
Wind direction
North, South,
East,West
Cardinal directions
thermometer
temperature
Degrees
Metric Celsius
9. Besides these instruments, what else do meteorologists use to forecast the
weather? Patterns of the weather in the past. Satellite images. Doppler radar.
10. List the gases in the Earth’s atmosphere and their percentages.
Gases
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Trace gases
(CO2, water vapor,
%
78%
21 %
1-2 %
argon,ozone)
11. Air mass -large body of air that is described by its moisture content and
temperature.
12. Name the 4 types of air masses and identify their two properties:
Air Mass
Location (over)
Temperature
Moisture
Continental Tropical
land
warm
dry
Continental Polar
land
cold
dry
Maritime Tropical
sea
warm
wet
Maritime Polar
sea
cold
wet
13. A front -where two different air masses meet. Some sort of precipitation
always occurs.
14. Complete the chart on fronts.
Front
Symbol
Weather it brings
Stormy weather
cold
warm
Light rain
stationary
Precipitation for
several days
15. Define the following forms of heat energy:
Energy Transfer
Definition
Transfer of heat through
air & liquid. Hot air rises;
convection
cool air sinks.
Transfer of heat by the
conduction
direct (touching) contact.
Radiation
Transfer of heat through
empty space
Example
Water boiling
Air conditioners
heaters
Your feet heat up walking
on a warm, sandy beach.
Sunburn
Sitting by a fire place
16. Energy from the sun reaches the Earth mainly by radiation.
17. Complete the chart on the different pressures.
Pressure
Weather it brings
Fair, clear skies
High
Think happy. Don’t write
happy!!!!
Some kind of
Low
precipitation
Symbol
H
L
18. Air pressure at sea level is higher. Air pressure at the top of a mountain is
lower.
19. These three things affect air pressure: (H.A.T) Humidity,
Altitude, and Temperature.
20. Fill in the blanks.
Storm
Hurricane
Tornado
Thunderstorms
Characteristics
-Forms over warm waters.
-Strong winds.
-Large, rotating tropical
weather system.
Precautions
-Evacuate.
-board up windows.
-Secure outdoor
furniture.
-Forms over land.
-Rotating column of air
that has high winds and
low pressure that touches
the ground.
-Seek shelter
underground.
-In your house hide in the
basement
-Produce strong winds,
heavy rain, lightning and
thunder
-Seek shelter indoors.
-Don’t go under a tree!!!
21. What is the "greenhouse effect"? It is good. It is how our Earth is kept
warm. By CO2, absorbing the heat in the atmosphere and keeping it close to the
ground. Too much greenhouse gases in our atmosphere can lead to Global Warming,
(not gOOD) because too much heat would stay close to the earth.
22. Fill out the global warming chart.
Global warming is….
Global warming is caused by…
Global warming effects…
*The over warming of
the Earth’s surface.
*The greenhouse
effect squared.
Too much CO2 in the
atmosphere, causing too
much heat to remain close to
the earth. Increasing the
overall average temperature
on Earth.
*The rise in temperature.
*Food chains affected.
*Ice caps melting causing
flooding.
*Animals going extinct
due to the loss of their
environment.
23. What are fossil fuels? How were they formed? Give examples.
Fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas. They were formed millions of years ago
from the remains of once living organisms. We use fossil fuels to create
electricity, petrochemicals, heat our homes etc. They are nonrenewable.
24. Name five alternate sources of energy that might be used in place of fossil
fuels.
a. solar energy (sun)
b. hydroelectric energy (water)
c. geothermal energy (from deep inside the earth)
d. biomass (organic wastes)
e. wind energy (wind )
25. What does the term conservation mean in regards to natural resources?
The wise use of natural resources so that they are not used up too quickly.
26. Which gas in the atmosphere can block harmful UVA and UVB rays?
Ozone gas
27. Draw a diagram of the water cycle labeling the terms: evaporation,
condensation, precipitation and transpiration. (Include arrows, water source, sun
trees, clouds, rain, snow, sleet or hail.)
condensation
28. Directions: Use the relative Humidity Chart to Fill-in the answers.
Dry Bulb
Reading
Wet Bulb
Reading
Relative
Humidity
14°
10°
60%
19°
14°
58%
29. Look at the weather map to answer the questions.
Washingto
n
Orego
n
Nevad
a
Montana
Idaho
Wyomin
g
Utah
Californi
a
Arizon
a
Colorad
o
New
Mexico
L
Minnesot
a
North
Dakota
Wisconsi
n
South
Dakota
Nebrask
a
Kansa
s
Oklahom
a
Texa
s
Michiga
n
Iowa
Vermon Main
t
e
New
York
Pennsylvan
ia
Ohio
West
Virgini
Virgini
Missour
a
Kentuck
a
i
North
y
Tennesse
Carolina
South
Arkansa
e
Carolin
s
a
Mississip
Georgi
Alabam a
pi
a
Florid
Louisian
a
a
Illinoi Indian
a
s
New
Hampshire
Massachuset
Rhode
ts
Connecticu
Island
New
t
Delawar
Jersey
e
Marylan
d
Hawai
i
Alask
a
a. What type of weather front is over the state of Florida? Cold Front
b. What type of weather does this front usually bring? Stormy, heavy
precipitation, colder temperatures.
c. What is the pressure system is northwest of New York? Low pressure
d. What type of weather does this system bring? Cloudy, precipitation
Physical Science
1. Simple machines help us do work.
2. Look at the picture and complete the chart on simple machines.
Example
Name of tool
Name of Simple Machine
Hammer
Lever
Flagpole
Pulley
Axe
Wedge
Ramp
Inclined Plane
Doorknob
Wheel and axle
Lightbulb
Screw
3. Compound machines are made up of two or more simple machines that help us
do work.
4. The formula for speed is distance divided by time.
5. If a ball travels 55cm down a ramp in .67 sec., what is the speed of the ball?
Show your work in the box. 82.1 cm/sec
55cm / .67 sec = 82.08 rounded to the nearest tenth 82.1 cm/sec
Answer: 82.1 cm/sec (Oops! Round to the nearest tenth & don’t forget the unit!!)
6. Balanced forces – No movement will occur. Like a balanced tug of war. Equal
forces.
7. Unbalanced forces – Unequal forces. Movement will occur. Like a tug of war
where one side is winning.
8. Velocity – speed in a given direction
9. Acceleration is three things speed up, slow down and change direction.
10. Two factors of Gravitational Attraction – mass of the objects and how far
apart they are (distance apart)
11. friction -opposes motion and slows things down.
12. Complete the energy chart below.
Energy
Define
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Energy in motion
Stored energy, affected
by a person’s position.
13. gravity -keeps planets in their orbit.
Example
Running child, ball flying
through the air.
Gas tank, lump of coal,
standing on top of a hill
14. If you are on a planet with less gravity your mass will stay the same, but your
WEIGHT will change.
15. Complete the energy resources chart below.
Energy Resource
Define
Renewable resource
Natural resources that
can be replaced by nature
Natural resources that
Nonrenewable resources
cannot be replaced by
nature.
Example
Trees, solar, wind, water
Petrochemicals, coal, oil
and natural gas.
16. Read the information and complete the graph.
Supergirl was practicing her flying speed to prepare for the “Superhero Flya-Thon” that raises money for all the potential baby superheroes out there. The
faster she flies the more money she raises. Below is a chart of her times and
distances at practice.
Distance (m)
25
70
95
130
Time (sec.)
.20
.60
.85
1.00
Check off the list below as you complete your graph.
___ I labeled the x & y axis correctly.
___ I connected all the plots.
___ I gave the graph a title.
___ My intervals are consistent.
Supergirl Flying
O
.10 .20 .30 .40 .50
.60 .70 .80 .90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30
The Nature of Science
1. Fill-in the steps of the scientific method.
a. problem -the question you want to answer.
b. materials -supplies you need to conduct the experiment.
c. hypothesis -your educated guess of the answer to the problem.
d. independent -the variable that is being manipulated or tested.
e. control group -the group that does not receive the independent variable and is
compared to the experimental group.
f. experimental group -the group that receives the independent variable.
g. conclusion -the results of the experiment.
2. Read the passage and answer the questions.
A group of scientists at Columbia University wanted to find out if drinking one
soda with caffeine had a significant effect on the driving skills of adults. To test
their hypothesis, they asked for volunteers who were 35-70 years old, 140-180
lbs. and drank 2-4 sodas with caffeine per week.
Two groups were set up. Each group had equal number of men and women. The
first group was given diet soda with caffeine in it and the second group was given
caffeine-free soda. Both groups received their drinks in a cup so they did not
know what type of soda they were drinking.
a. What is the problem? Does drinking caffeine have a significant effect on the
driving skills of adults?
b. The experiment group is the group that was given the caffeine soda.
c. The control group is the group that was NOT given caffeine soda
d. The independent variable is caffeine
e. The groups were similar because they needed to make the experiment fair,
valid.
f. They use diet soda because it taste similar to caffeine free soda
g. The placebo is caffeine free soda. The purpose of it is to make the control
group think they were getting the IV (independent variable ) caffeine.
3. A student sets up the following experiment using tomato plants and potting soil.
Use this picture to help you answer the questions below.
a. By looking at the pots, what is the independent variable? # of seeds, # of
plants.
b. What would be a good problem for this set-up? Does the number of seeds
(plants) effect the growth of plants?
c. What are the things that need to remain constant? Size of the pots, type of
plants, amount of light, amount of water they were given, type of container.
4. What is the formula for finding the volume of a solid? L x W x H
5. Find the volume of this solid. Show your work in the box.
Answer: 42.0 cm3 Because 3 x 7 x 2 = 42.0 cm3
6. Fill-in the chart below for the scientific tools.
Instrument
Name
Measures
Unit
beaker
Volume of a
liquid
Graduated
cylinder
Volume of
ML or L
liquid/volume of
------------------------------------irregular-shaped
cm3
object
Triple beam
balance
mass
ML or L
grams
Newton Spring Force (weight)
Scale
Newtons (N)
pipette
ML
ruler
Volume of a
liquid
Distance/length
millimeter,
centimeters, &
meters
7. Put the steps in the correct order to find the volume of an irregular-shaped
solid:
4 Subtract the final volume minus the initial volume.
1 Pour 50mL of water in a graduated cylinder. This is your initial volume.
5 Write your volume in cubic centimeters.
2 Hold the graduated cylinder on an angle & drop the object in.
3 Read the meniscus. This is your final volume.
8. Look at the picture and write in the volume of the rock.
2
2cc