Download Review Packet for 6th Grade Science Final

Name: ________________________________________________________
Period: ______
Review Packet for 6th
Grade Science Final
Format:
Part 1 – 1-100 Multiple Choice Questions
(You will be using a scantron.)
Part 2 – 101-114 Short Answers
(You will be using a separate answer sheet.)
Part 3 – 115-119 Short Answers
(You will be using a separate answer sheet.)
Life Science
1. The function of each organelle:
a. Nucleus -control center of the cell. Where the chromosomes are found.
Control the heredity of traits.
b. Mitochondria -powerhouse of the cell. Where energy is made.
Cell membrane -controls the passage of nutrients into the cell and wastes out of
the cell.
c. chromosomes -are made of DNA. Contain genes which contain recipes for
making proteins.
d. cell wall -only found in plant cells. Protects and provides support for the cell.
e. ribosomes -read the recipes for making protein. This is where proteins are
made.
f. chloroplast_ -only found in plant cells. Where food is made using chlorophyll.
Site of photosynthesis
g. vacuole -stores water and nutrients.
h. cytoplasm -jelly-like fluid that holds organelles together and allows movement in
the cell.
i. DNA -carries the code which produces proteins and controls all activities in the
cell.
j. Endoplasmic Reticulum: it is the transport system. It transports ribosomes.
2. Label the plant and animal cell below and then complete the differences and
similarities in the Venn diagram below-
a. animal
cell
b. plant
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
mitochondria
Small vacuole
cell
nucleus
DNA (chromosomes)
chloroplast
Cell wall
Large vacuole
ribosomes
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
cytoplasm
chlorophyll
Makes its own food through
photosynthesis
3. Look at the diagram below.
This is the process of asexual reproduction because the offspring look EXACTLY
like the parent cell and the offspring was produced from ONE parent.
4. The picture below shows the joining of the egg and sperm to produce a zygote.
This process is called
Sexual reproduction
5. The number of chromosomes in a human body cell- 46
6. The number of chromosomes found in a human sex cell-23
7. The male gives half the number of chromosomes, which is 50%.
8. The female gives half the number of chromosomes which is 50%.
9. The two types of sex cells are egg and sperm.
10. The male sex cell is the sperm and the female sex cell is the egg
11. The cell division that makes the sex cells and produces eggs and sperms each in
which that has half the number of chromosomes is meiosis.
11a. Mitosis – cell divison where two identical cells are made. All your BODY cells
are made this way. Sex cells are NOT considered Body cells. Hint: mitosis – The
“T” stands for TWIN. Makes a twin.
12. Answer the following questions based on the diagram below.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
This is an example of sexual reproduction. Because there are two parents.
The parents have 4 children. They have 2 boys and 2 girls.
The father’s genotype is hybrid (N n). The mom’s genotype is recessive nn
How many children inherited the recessive allele? 4 or 100%
How many children’s phenotype represented the recessive trait? 2 or 50%
The recessive trait doesn’t show in the phenotype of the children with the
genotype Nn because they have a dominant allele which over powers (masks)
blocks it out, covers it, the recessive allele.
g. Fill-in the Punnett Square based on the diagram above.
n
N
n
n
Nn
Nn
nn
nn
13. In terms of capital letters (B) and lowercase letters (b), the allele for a
recessive trait would be lowercase letter (b) dominant would be capital letter (B)
14. In terms of capital letters (B) and lowercase letters (b), the alleles for a
hybrid trait would be Bb and pure trait would be BB or bb.
15. genetic engineering- transferring a gene from one organism to another. For
example when we went to the DNA Learning center, we transferred the gene from
the jelly fish to the bacteria and made the bacteria glow in the dark.
16. selective breeding-choosing to mate two organisms to get a desired result.
For example, pollinating a tomato plant that produces large tomatoes with one
that is seedless.
17. The order of cellular organization is
1. cell
2. tissues
3. organs
4. organ system
5. organism
18. Segments of chromosomes that are recipes for specific traits are called
genes.
19. The change in the sequence of the order of the bases in the DNA code
mutation.
20. Abnormal cell division results in a mutation. An example of this is cancer.
21. Nitrogen basesa. adenine pairs with thymine
b. thymine pairs with adenine
c. guanine pairs with cytosine
d. cytosine pairs with guanine
22. Bonds the nitrogen bases together- hydrogen bond
23. According to the pedigree chart, “A” is the allele for a normal person and “a”
is the allele for an affected person. Look at the key and the pedigree chart. Then
answer the questions.
a. How many children did the couple have? 5
b. How many people are affected 1
Male or female? male
c. How many people have the genotype “AA” or “Aa”? The parents both have to be
hybrid Aa, in order for one of their children to be affected. The children who
aren’t affected are either AA or Aa, Since 4 children aren’t affected, the answer
is 6 the four children who aren’t affected and the two parents. The male who is
affected must be aa.
24. Fill in the chart with the differences of the male and female Drosophila
Melanogaster (fruit flies). Life cycle of fruit fly: egg, larva, pupa, adult
Male Drosophila
Female Drosophila
Round abdomen
Pointy abdomen
Mostly Black abdomen ( hard to see
stripes)
Striped abdomen ( easy to count
stripes
smaller
larger
Sex combs on front legs (Remember I
call them the hairy elbows.)
Smarter ( Just kidding!!!)
25. Punnett Squares
a. In purple people eater, one-horn is dominant (H) and no horns is recessive (h).
Draw a Punnett squares showing the cross of a purple people eater that is hybrid
for horns with a purple people eater that does not have horns. (recessive)
H
Hh x hh
% genotype Hh 50%h
% genotype hh 50%
h
h
Hh
hh
Hh
hh
% phenotype one-horn
% genotype HH 0%
50%
% phenotype no horns 50%
b. Look at the Punnett Square below. Each offspring has a hybrid genotype.
Therefore, the parent’s genotypes would be T T x t t
Tt Tt
Tt Tt
Microscope
1. Use the word bank to fill in the parts of the microscope.
coverslip
stage
base
stage clips
high-power objective lens
fine adjustment knob
arm
eyepiece
coarse adjustment knob
mirror
slide
bodytube
low-power objective lens
diaphragm nosepiece
Eyepiece (ocular lens)
6.
coarse adjustment knob
bodytube
7.
8.
arm
stage clips
fine adjustment
knob
9.
10.
11.
12.
base
13.
nosepiece
low-power objective lens
high-power objective lens
objective lens
stage
diaphragm
mirror
How do you find the total magnification? Multiply the objective lens’ power by the
eyepiece’s power.
Objective Lens
Total Magnification
Low-power (10x)
100 x
High-power (40x)
400 x
3. Read each of the functions below. Then use the word bank on the previous page
to fill in the correct microscope part.
a. stage
- This is where the specimen is placed for viewing.
b. eyepiece (ocular lens) - This is the part you look through. It magnifies the
specimen 10 times its original size. This part is also known as the eyepiece.
c. arm- This part connect the body tube to the base of the microscope. It is also
the part you use to carry the microscope.
d. revolving nosepiece- This part turns allowing you to switch to a different
objective lens.
e. low power objective lens - This part also magnifies the specimen 10 times its
original size but it is located on the nosepiece.
f. body tube - This part is in between the ocular lens and the revolving nosepiece.
g. coarse adjustment knob - This part is used for focusing. It moves the body
tube closer to or further from the specimen.
h. base - This is the bottom part of the microscope.
i. diaphragm - This is the part you would use to increase or decrease the amount
of light coming up through the slide.
j. fine adjustment knob - This part is used to sharpen the focus of the specimen.
k. stage clips - These help hold the specimen slide in place.
l. high power objective lens - This part can magnify the specimen 40 or 43 times
its original size.
Earth Science
1. weather -daily/short term conditions of the Earth’s atmosphere.
2. climate-the weather in an area over a long period of time.
3. meterologist-a person who studies/predicts weather conditions of the
atmosphere.
4. Which 4 factors interact to cause weather? W.H.A.T
a. W inds
b. H umidity
c. A ir pressure
d. T emperature
5. What is the major cause of weather and the major reason for the differences
in temperature here on Earth? The unequal heating of the Earth’s surface causes
the land to heat up faster than the water causing the air above these areas to be
different temperatures. Also because the equator receives direct rays from the
sun and the poles indirect rays causing the air in these areas to have different
temperatures.
6. How does weather generally move across the United States? From west to east
7. Atmosphere- the air around the Earth
8. Lithosphere- the Land part of the Earth
9. List the gases in the Earth’s atmosphere and their percentages.
Gases
%
Nitrogen
78%
Oxygen
21 %
Trace gases
1%
10. Complete the chart to identify the weather instruments, what they measure
and the unit of measurement:
Instrument
Name
Barometer
Measures
Air pressure
Unit
Mb or inches
Anemometer
Wind speed
mph
psychrometer
Relative Humidity
%
Wind vane
Wind direction
N,S,E,W
thermometer
temperature
degrees
11. Besides these instruments, what else do meteorologists use to forecast the
weather? Patterns of the weather in the past. Satellite images. Doppler radar.
12. What are the dangers of the following storms and what precautions should you
take to be safe?
Storm
Dangers
Precautions
Wind damage.
1. Evacuate
Hurricanes
Water damage.
2. If flooding occurs move
Flooding.
to higher ground.
Destroyed houses.
3. Seek shelter from high
death
winds.
4. Board up windows.
5. Secure outdoor
furniture.
Tornadoes
1. Winds are very strong.
2. Flying debris.
Thunderstorms
1. Dangers from being
struck by lightning
1. Seek shelter
underground.
2. Lie down low in a
depression (ditch) in
the ground.
3. Go under the
overpass.
4. In your house hide in
bathtub or closet
1. Seek shelter indoors.
2. Stay in a car.
3. Don’t go under a tree.
4. Stay away from water.
13. Air mass -large body of air that is described by its moisture content and
temperature.
14. Name the 4 types of air masses and identify their two properties:
Air Mass
Location (over)
Temperature
Moisture
Continental Tropical
land
warm
dry
Continental Polar
land
cold
dry
Maritime Tropical
sea
warm
wet
Maritime Polar
sea
cold
wet
15. A front -where two different air masses meet. Some sort of precipitation
always occurs.
16. Complete the chart on fronts.
Front
Symbol
Weather it brings
cold
Stormy weather
warm
Light rain drizzles
stationary
Precipitation for
several days
17. Define the following forms of heat energy:
Energy Transfer
Definition
Transfer of heat through
air & liquid. Hot air rises;
convection
cool air sinks.
Transfer of heat by the
conduction
direct (touching) contact.
Radiation
Example
Water boiling
Air conditioners
heaters
Your feet heat up walking
on a warm, sandy beach.
Transfer of heat through Sunburn
empty space
Sitting by a fire place
18. Energy from the sun reaches the Earth mainly by radiation
19. Complete the chart on the different pressures.
Pressure
Weather it brings
Fair, clear skies
High
Think happy. Don’t write
happy.
Some kind of
Low
precipitation
Symbol
H
L
20. Air pressure at sea level is higher. Air pressure at the top of a mountain is
lower.
21. These three things affect air pressure:
a. H umidity____________________________________________
b. A lititude____________________________________________
c. T emperature____________________________________________
22. What is the "greenhouse effect"? Is good. It is how our Earth is kept warm.
By CO2, absorbing the heat in the atmosphere and keeping it close to the ground.
23. Fill out the global warming chart.
Global warming is….
Global warming is caused by…
Global warming effects…
*The over warming of
the Earth’s surface.
*The greenhouse
effect squared.
Too much CO2 in the
atmosphere, causing too
much heat to remain close to
the earth. Increasing the
overall average temperature
on Earth.
*The rise in temperature.
*Food chains affected.
*Ice caps melting causing
flooding.
*Animals going extinct
due to the loss of their
environment.
24. What are fossil fuels? How were they formed? Give examples.
Fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas. They were formed millions of years ago
from the remains of once living organisms. We use fossil fuels to create
electricity, petrochemicals, heat our homes etc. They are nonrenewable.
25. Name five alternate sources of energy that might be used in place of fossil
fuels.
a. solar energy (sun)
b. hydroelectric energy (water)
c. geothermal energy (from the center of the earth)
d. biomass (organic wastes)
e. wind energy (wind )
26. What does the term conservation mean in regards to natural resources?
The wise use of natural resources so that they are not used up too quickly.
27. Which gas in the atmosphere can block harmful UVA and UVB rays?
Ozone gas
28. Draw a diagram of the water cycle labeling the terms: evaporation,
condensation, precipitation and transpiration. (Include arrows, water source, sun
trees, clouds, rain, snow, sleet or hail.)
condensation
Physical Science
1. simple - machines that help us do work.
2. Look at the picture and complete the chart on simple machines.
Example
Simple Machine being
How does it help?
used/name of tool
By cracking a nut that
would be too hard to
lever/nut cracker
crack with your bare
hands.
pulley/well water bucket
By lifting the water from
underground.
Wedge / door stopper
Helps keep the door open.
Inclined plane/ramp
Helps lift heavy objects
Wheel and axle /door
knob
Allowing you to lock the
door without it opening up
so easily.
Screw /light bulb
The grooves in the screw
help hold the light bulb in
place.
3. compound machine -made up of two or more simple machines that help us do
work.
4. The formula for speed is distance divided by time.
5. If a ball travels 55cm down a ramp in .67 sec., what is the speed of the ball?
Show your work in the box. 82.1 cm/sec
55cm / .67 sec = 82.08 rounded to the nearest tenth 82.1 cm/sec
Answer: 82.1 cm/sec (Oops! Round to the nearest tenth & don’t forget the unit!!)
6. Balanced forces – No movement will occur. Like a balanced tug of war. Equal
forces.
7. Unbalanced forces – Unequal forces. Movement will occur. Like a tug of war
where one side is winning.
8. Velocity – speed in a given direction
9. Acceleration is three things speed up, slow down and change direction.
10. Two factors of Gravitational Attraction – mass of the objects and how far
apart they are (distance apart)
11. friction -opposes motion and slows things down.
12. Complete the energy chart below.
Energy
Define
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Energy in motion
Stored energy, affected
by a person’s position.
Example
Running child, ball flying
through the air.
Gas tank, lump of coal,
standing on top of a hill
13. gravity -keeps planets in their orbit.
14. If you are on a planet with less gravity your mass will stay the same. BUT
YOUR WEIGHT WOULD CHANGE!!!!
15. Complete the energy resources chart below.
Energy Resource
Define
Example
Renewable resource
Natural resources that
Trees, solar, wind, water
can be replaced by nature
Natural resources that
Petrochemicals, coal, oil
Nonrenewable resources
cannot be replaced by
and natural gas.
nature.
16. Read the information and complete the graph.
Supergirl was practicing her flying speed to prepare for the “Superhero Flya-Thon” that raises money for all the potential baby superheroes out there. The
faster she flies the more money she raises. Below is a chart of her times and
distances at practice.
Distance (m)
25
70
95
130
Time (sec.)
.20
.60
.85
1.00
Check off the list below as you complete your graph.
___ I labeled the x & y axis correctly.
___ I connected all the plots.
___ I gave the graph a title.
___ I started at zero.
___ I was consistent with my intervals.
Supergirl Flying
O
.10 .20 .30 .40 .50
.60 .70 .80 .90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30
By looking at the graph, what can you say about Supergirl’s speed.
She started put fast, then slowed down, then really sped up.
The Nature of Science
1. Fill-in the steps of the scientific method.
a. problem -the question you want to answer.
b. materials -supplies you need to conduct the experiment.
c. hypothesis -your educated guess of the answer to the problem.
d. independent -the variable that is being manipulated or tested.
e. control group -the group that does not receive the independent variable and is
compared to the experimental group.
f. experimental group -the group that receives the independent variable.
g. conclusion -the results of the experiment.
2. Read the passage and answer the questions.
A group of scientists at Columbia University wanted to find out if drinking one
soda with caffeine had a significant effect on the driving skills of adults. To test
their hypothesis, they asked for volunteers who were 35-70 years old, 140-180
lbs. and drank 2-4 sodas with caffeine per week.
Two groups were set up. Each group had equal number of men and women. The
first group was given diet soda with caffeine in it and the second group was given
caffeine-free soda. Both groups received their drinks in a cup so they did not
know what type of soda they were drinking.
a. What is the problem? Does drinking caffeine have a significant effect on the
driving skills of adults?
b. The experiment group is the group that was given the caffeine soda.
c. The control group is the group that was NOT given caffeine soda
d. The independent variable is caffeine
e. The groups were similar because they needed to make the experiment fair,
valid.
f. They use diet soda because it taste similar to caffeine free soda
g. The placebo is caffeine free soda. The purpose of it is to make the control
group think they were getting the IV (independent variable ) caffeine.
3. A student sets up the following experiment using tomato plants and potting soil.
Use this picture to help you answer the questions below.
a. By looking at the pots, what is the independent variable? # of seeds, # of
plants.
b. What would be a good problem for this set-up? Does the number of seeds
(plants) effect the growth of plants?
c. What are the things that need to remain constant? Size of the pots, type of
plants, amount of light, amount of water they were given, type of container.
4. What is the formula for finding the volume of a solid? L x W x H
5. Find the volume of this solid. Show your work in the box.
Answer: 42.0 cm3 Because 3 x 7 x 2 = 42.0 cm3
6. Fill-in the chart below for the scientific tools.
Instrument
Name
Measures
beaker
Volume of a
liquid
Graduated
cylinder
Volume of
liquid/volume of
irregular-shaped
object
Triple beam
balance
mass
Unit
ML or L
ML or L
cm3
grams
Newton Spring Force (weight)
Scale
Newtons (N)
pipette
ML
ruler
Volume of a
liquid
Distance/length
millimeter,
centimeters, &
meters
7. Put the steps in the correct order to find the volume of an irregular-shaped
solid:
4 Subtract the final volume minus the initial volume.
1 Pour 50mL of water in a graduated cylinder. This is your initial volume.
5 Write your volume in cubic centimeters.
2 Hold the graduated cylinder on an angle & drop the object in.
3 Read the meniscus. This is your final volume.
Weather Map Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
warm front
light precipitation
low
precipitation
5. 60 % because, Dry bulb is 14 degrees and wet bulb is 10 degrees.
Step 1: Subtract wet bulb from dry bulb.
Step 2: Look at chart and line up dry bulb reading with the difference that you
just figured out in step 1. Therefore, 14 -10 = 4
Line up 14 degrees (dry bulb reading) on the left with 4 from the top. This
gives you 60%
That means there is a 60% chance that it will rain.
6. 58 %
7.