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Pacific Theatre
Hitler’s New Order
• Final Solution
– Holo (whole) caust (burned)
– The first official concentration camp opened at
Dachau 1933, Communists were first sent here
• Heinrich Himmler, head of the Schutzstaffel (SS), and
later chief of the German police.
Hitler’s New Order
• Hitler created gov’ts in Western Europe run by
Aryans
– Slavs of Eastern Europe were an inferior race, and
should be pushed aside for the Aryans
– Plundered and looted occupied nations
• Took their works of art, treasures and resources
• Shot hostages and tortured prisoners
Hitler’s New Order
• 1930s, Concentration Camps
– Detention centers for enemies of the state
• Jews, Polish, Soviet Slavs and others were used in
forced labor camps, poorly fed and worked to death
• “Racially inferior” Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, Homosexuals
and disabled
• Death Camps
– Sick, elderly and young were killed immediately
– Others were used for experiments
Hitler’s New Order
• Some did resist places like Treblinka and
Auschwitz
– Warsaw ghetto sent around 5,000 Jews to
Treblinka/day
– 1943, Jews revolted. Nazis soon regained control
and killed all of the Jews
Japan
• Official reason for expansion: eliminate
colonial rule in Asia from the West
– Realistically, tortured and slaughtered conquered
Asians
– Seized food crops, destroyed towns and enslaved
the people
• Rape of Nanking and other atrocities
USA
• Initially tried to remain isolationist
• President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)
– Lend-Lease Act
• Allowed to lend or sell weapons to any country for
USA’s defense
• Atlantic Charter
– Churchill and FDR issued this to destroy Nazi
tyranny and support any gov’t the people want
Japan
• General Tojo Hideki
• Dec. 7, 1941, “a date which will live in infamy”
– Pearl Harbor
• 1942-43, turning point in the war
– Pacific Theatre Naval battles were fought in the air
• Aircraft carriers
– Midway, Coral Sea
Gov’t Power
• To support the war
– Factories made tanks/planes
– Rationed how much food/goods people could buy
– Sold war bonds
• People buy these (lend money) to the gov’t
• Internment Camps
– Japanese Americans and Canadians were put into
camps
• “Rosie the Riveter”
Pacific Theatre
• May 1942, Bataan Death March
– Japanese conquered the Philippines and marched
US and Filipino soldiers 65 miles
• Island Hopping
– After Midway and Coral Sea, US “hopped” one
island to the next toward Japan
– Gen. MacArthur and Adm. Nimitz blockaded and
pushed towards Japan
Fire Bombings of Dresden and Tokyo
Dresden
• Cultural Center
• Phosphorous bombs
– Ignited the city into flames
Tokyo
• Tried to end the fighting
before atomic weapons
The Bomb
For
• Brightest minds fled Europe
and came to work on the
Manhattan Project
• Save lives from the island
hopping
– Japanese would fight to the
death rather than surrender
• Finish the war before the
Soviets got to Japan
– Wouldn’t split Japan like
Germany
Against
• Thousands of Japanese
killed instantly
• Thousands killed from
radiation after detonation
• Could have used other
weapons
– Fire bombings
• Soviets had declared war on
the Japanese
The Bomb
• FDR dies and Truman takes office in April 12,
1945
• Orders atomic attack
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August 6, 1945, first bomb on Hiroshima
August 8, 1945, Soviets declare war on Japan
August 9, 1945, second bomb dropped on Nagasaki
August 10, Emperor Hirohito ordered a surrender
September 2, peace treaty signed in Tokyo Bay on USS
Missouri
After WWII
• People recognize the horrors of the Holocaust
and Japanese violence
– Why didn’t ordinary people stop these?
– Nuremburg Trials
• United Nations
– San Francisco
– General Assembly and Security Council
• US, UK, Soviet Union, France and China
United Nations
• Security Council has the right to veto
• UN can send peace-keeping forces, create
economic sanctions
– More things are passed since fall of USSR
• World Health Organization
• Food and Agricultural Organizations
• Ban Ki-Moon
After WWII
• Cold War
– US vs USSR
– Italy and Japan were conquered by Brits and
Americans, and the Soviets were not consulted
about how they were occupied
– Eastern Europe was conquered by the Soviets, so
they shouldn’t’ have to consult the West
• Stalin wanted to spread communism and create
protective border countries to prevent invasion
After WWII
• Truman Doctrine
– Containment of communism
• Marshall Plan
– Aid to the locked in areas of Berlin
– Berlin airlift sent aid to the allied sections of West
Berlin
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization vs the
Warsaw Pact, 1949
– Eastern and western blocs, military protection