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World War II Need to Know Isolationism of Neutrality Acts Cash and Carry Quasi-Neutrality Lend Lease was a step toward war Selective Service Act in 1940 1st peacetime draft Big • • • • • Pearl Harbor D Day in Normandy, France Biggest challenge was fighting on 2 fronts VE Day VJ Day Totalitarianism in our Enemies • • • • Militarism and the Emperor in Japan Stalin Hitler Neither Hitler nor Stalin allowed their armies to retreat strategically It was a bloodbath and surrender by starved Germans happened Jan 31, 1945 on Russian front ending Hitler’s plan to dominate Europe Battle of Midway was the turning point in Pacific when code breakers broke into Japanese plan messages helping US win and we began to take offensive. Then we went island hopping in order to have bases to bomb Japan directly Japanese Internment • Remote camps in Western US • S Ct upheld because OF MILITARY LAW in Korematsu • Germans and Italian immigrants initially interned were released • None of the Hawaiin Japanese Americans were interned. They were 1/3 of the Hawaiins then • In 1943 all Niesi American born Japanese were allowed to fight in Italy Atom Bomb • Atom Bomb was used to save millions of American lives in expected street to street fighting in Tokyo and make military invasion unneeded • The bomb might rein in the Soviets after the War and the Manhattan Project that created it in New Mexico is still in a top secret area today • War had raised taxes and made us sell war bonds. Imagine the cost without the bomb Pearl Harbor • A date that will live in infamy • We had hesitated when Russia entered Stalin on the side of the English Allies in June, 1941 with the Hitler attack on Stalin • May, 1942 7,000 of 75,000 troops who surrendered to Japs died in Bataan Death March • Battle of the Coral Sea fought without seeing the other side in a storm halted the Japs • Hitler was the bigger fear so in the first 2 months emphasis was on Hitler first Asia last • U boats got sank with radar and depth charges faster than Germany could build them • Yet US industrial production of 2x what all the Axis Powers made won the war with the help of rationing things like gas on our homefront Europe First • Hitler was the bigger fear so in the first 2 months emphasis was on Hitler first Asia last • U boats got sank with radar and depth charges faster than Germany could build them • Yet US industrial production of 2x what all the Axis Powers made won the war with the help of rationing things like gason our homefront WAC Women’s Army Corps African Americans originally segregated to noncombat moved to white combat units only at the end of the war Nurse corps Holocaust • Almost got Einstein • The Night of the Breaking Crystal • Not just Jews in Camps Riots • 100,000 whites battled blacks drawn North to Detroit for jobs • Navy attacked Zoot Suit Mexicans but no one in Navy arrested • FDR issued an executive order promising equal access to federally funded jobs • Our agriculture production for feeding US and Europe soared with help of Mexican labor braceras End of War • Battles of Okinawa and Iwo Jima were deadliest but lead to us being able to bomb Japan at will from there • March 1945 16 sq miles of Tokyo, Japan bombed, killing 83,000 Japanese ands wounding 100,000 in a single night - more than the atomic bombs killed or wounded Occupation of Germany and Japan • Marshall Plan to rebuild war torn Europe with US aid • The Red Scare of McCarthyism violated constitutional rights and was a period of intolerance based on a fear of communism spreading, • The Soviets getting possession of nuclear bombs, and a fear of political differences in US • Our policy was containment of Soviets sphere communism with military and economic aid called Truman Doctrine Superpowers of Soviet and US • • • • United Nations formed Israel recognized GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Baby boom in 1950’s and 1960’s set off a rise in consumer demand