Download The Body`s Transport System

Name
Date
Circulation
■
Class
Adapted Reading and Study
The Body’s Transport System
(pages 78–84)
The Cardiovascular System
(pages 78–79)
Key Concept: The cardiovascular system carries
needed substances to cells and carries waste
products away from cells. In addition, blood contains
cells that fight disease.
• The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart,
blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood
through the blood vessels.
• Blood carries oxygen and other needed materials to all
of the body’s cells. Blood also picks up wastes, such as
carbon dioxide, from the cells.
• Some cells in blood kill germs. The cells fight disease
and help you get well.
Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the
ideas above.
1. The system that is made up of the heart, blood vessels,
system.
2. Circle the letter of each job of the cardiovascular
system.
a. carries materials to cells
b. fights disease
c. picks up wastes from cells
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39
Circulation
and blood is the
Name
Date
Circulation
■
Class
Adapted Reading and Study
The Heart
(pages 80–82)
Key Concept: Each time the heart beats, it pushes
blood through the blood vessels of the cardiovascular
system. The right side of the heart is completely
separated from the left side by a wall of tissue called
the septum. Each side has two compartments, or
chambers—an upper chamber and a lower chamber.
• The heart is a hollow organ about the size of a fist. It is
mostly made of muscle. The heart is in the center of the
chest.
• The heart is separated into a left side and a right side.
Each side of the heart is divided into an upper and lower
“room,” or chamber. The upper chamber on each side is
called the atrium (AY tree um) (plural atria). The lower
chamber on each side is called the ventricle.
• With each beat of the heart, muscles in the heart pump
blood by contracting. First, both atria contract. This
squeezes blood out of the atria and into the ventricles.
Then, both ventricles contract. This squeezes blood out
of the ventricles and into blood vessels.
• A valve is a flap of tissue over a hole that lets blood flow
through the hole in just one direction. There are two
valves in each side of the heart.
• How fast your heart beats is controlled by a group of
cells in the heart called the pacemaker.
Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the
ideas above.
3. The organ that pumps blood throughout the body is the
.
4. A group of cells in the heart that controls how fast the
heart beats is called the
.
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40
Name
Date
Circulation
■
Class
Adapted Reading and Study
5. Fill in the blanks in the table comparing the upper
chambers and the lower chambers of the heart.
Chambers of the Heart
Name of Chamber
What It Does
a.
pumps blood into a
ventricle
b.
pumps blood into a
blood vessel
6. The diagram below shows the heart and its four
chambers. When the heart beats, which two chambers
contract first? Circle the letter of the correct answer.
a. A and B
b. C and D
c. A and C
The Heart
B
A
D
C
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41
Name
Date
Circulation
■
Class
Adapted Reading and Study
Two Loops
(pages 82–84)
Key Concept: The overall pattern of blood flow
through the body is something like a figure eight. The
heart is at the center where the two loops cross. In the
first loop, blood travels from the heart to the lungs
and then back to the heart. In the second loop, blood
is pumped from the heart throughout the body and
then returns again to the heart.
• After leaving the heart, blood travels through arteries.
Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from
the heart.
• From arteries, blood flows into capillaries. Capillaries
are tiny blood vessels with very thin walls. In capillaries,
materials are passed back and forth between the blood
and body cells.
• From capillaries, blood flows into veins. Veins are blood
vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
• The right ventricle of the heart pumps blood to the
lungs. In the lungs, the blood drops off wastes and picks
up oxygen. From the lungs, the blood returns to the
heart. This path of the blood is called the first loop, or
loop one.
• The left ventricle of the heart pumps blood to the rest of
the body. The blood leaving the heart is full of oxygen.
The blood drops off oxygen and picks up wastes at the
body cells. Then the blood returns to the heart. This path
of the blood is called the second loop, or loop two.
Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the
ideas above.
7. Is the following sentence true or false? Blood flows
through the body in one large loop.
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42
Name
Date
Circulation
■
Class
Adapted Reading and Study
8. Fill in the blanks in the table comparing different kinds
of blood vessels.
Kinds of Blood Vessels
Kind of Blood Vessel
What It Does
Artery
carries blood away
from the heart
a.
passes materials
between blood and
body cells
b.
carries blood back to
the heart
9. The diagram shows how blood flows through the body.
In which loop—loop one or loop two—does blood travel
from the heart to the body and back to the heart again?
Loop One
Arteries
to lungs
Veins from
lungs
Right
atrium
Left
atrium
Veins
from body
Artery
to body
Right
ventricle
Left
ventricle
Loop Two
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43