Download Study Guide Middle Ages 1. Who was Charlemagne and what title

Study Guide­ Middle Ages 1. Who was Charlemagne and what title was he given?
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He was a king of the Franks
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Pope crowned him Holy Roman Emperor 2. What was important to Charlemagne?
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Spreading Christianity
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Education 3. What is a manor?
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The estate(land) of a lord 4. What is a fief?
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Plot of land given to a vassal 5. Who was a vassal?
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A lesser lord who pledged loyalty to a lord 6. Who was a knight?
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A warrior who rode on horseback 7. What was chivalry?
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A code of conduct for knights 8. Who was a serf?
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A peasant farmer tied to the land 9. What was a tithe?
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A tax paid to the Church 10. What does secular mean?
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Non­religious 11. Why was feudalism created?
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People needed to protect themselves from violence and meet basic economic needs 12. Why were knights needed?
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There were frequent wars fought between the lords
13. What was the relationship between a lord and a serf?
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Serf gave lord a part of the harvest in return for land and services
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Lord gave serfs protection from attacks by outsiders 14. What was the most powerful organization during the Middle Ages?
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The Roman Catholic Church 15. What was the main job of the Church?
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Serve the spiritual needs of the people
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Administering the sacraments 16. Who knew how to read and write?
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Usually only Church officials 17. How did the Church become wealthy?
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It collected a tax called a tithe 18. What happened to people who did not obey the church?
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They could be excommunicated; cut off from the Church 19. What were the Crusades?
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A series of religious wars fought between Christians and Muslims from the late 1000s to the mid­1200s 20. What was the goal of the crusaders?
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To regain control of the Holy Land (Palestine/Jerusalem) from the Muslims 21. Who sent the crusaders to fight?
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Pope Urban II called for the Crusades at the Council of Clermont 22. What were the causes for the Crusades?
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Free Holy Land from Muslim control
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Pope wanted to increase his power
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Nobles wanted to gain wealth and land
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Chance for adventure
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Serfs wanted to escape feudal manor
23. What happened during the first Crusade?
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Christian captured city of Jerusalem and massacred Muslim and Jewish inhabitants 24. Who was the Muslim leader who was able to capture Jerusalem?
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Saladin was a Muslim leader who was respected by both Muslims and Christians 25. What were some of the major results of the Crusades?
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Increased trade
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Encouragement of learning
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Hatred between different religious groups
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Feudal kings gained power
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Feudal system weakens 26. Which countries fought during the Hundred Years War?
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England and France fought for land in France and over the throne of France 27. Who did Joan of Arc say was speaking to her?
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Joan said that God spoke to her through his angels 28. What did Joan of Arc want to do?
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Joan wanted to lead the French Army against the English in order to have Charles VII crowned King of France 29. Who captured Joan of Arc?
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The English 30. What was the result of the trial of Joan of Arc?
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Joan was accused of being a witch and of heresy [breaking church laws]
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She was burned at the stake 31. What was the bubonic plague?
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A highly contagious disease spread by the fleas that lived on rats 32. Where did the plague come from?
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The outbreak began in China and spread into Europe
33. What were some of the symptoms of the plague?
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Swelling and black bruises on the skin
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Victims died in agony within a few days 34. How did it affect the population of Europe?
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One in three people died (1/3 of population of Europe) 35. How did it affect the economy?
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Farm and industrial production declined
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Labor shortage led to workers demanding higher wages
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Peasant revolts took place
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Global trade was disrupted
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Feudal system broke down