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C
lassical
onversations
®
ESSENTIALS
The Program
This two-hour, afternoon class is
designed to prepare fourth- through
sixth-grade students for the Challenge
program. This power-packed course is
the perfect complement to our Foundations program, but any family may
participate. Language structure and
analysis, writing structure and style, and
arithmetic speed and accuracy are the
essential components of this popular
24-week program.
The Essentials of the English
Language program (EEL) is a
complete language arts program that
takes students beyond the worksheet.
Mixing strategic memorization of
vocabulary, rules, and lists with a
series of analytical tasks, EEL teaches
students how to thoughtfully analyze
sentence construction. The result is
strong language construction and usage
skills—both written and oral.
C
lassical
onversations
CONNECTED
®
The
Community
Continuing to capitalize on the
“community dynamic,” students
present writing assignments and enjoy
games, drills, and team-building
mini-competitions that strengthen the
essential language and arithmetic skills.
Students emerge confident to tackle
higher language and math courses when
these simple, yet often neglected, skills
are mastered.
The Classical Model
Classical education trains students to learn
any information through a three-step
process:
1) Memorize vocabulary and rules
(grammar)
2) Process new concepts (dialectic or logic)
3) Clearly, persuasively, and logically use
grammar knowledge to influence others
(rhetoric)
—Leigh Bortins
Echo in Celebration:
A Call to Home-Centered Education
Our online community provides many
additional resources for memory work and
a fuller learning experience. Membership
is through subscription, but registered
Essentials families receive a substantial
subscription discount.
The
Partnership
Students and their parents meet for two
hours each week after Foundations. A
trained tutor facilitates class time, but
like Foundations, parents also participate with their children.
“A good education teaches a child how
to build a [place in] the mind for every
subject. You not only feed children
information to [retain] but also help
the students see ways to organize the
information for quick retrieval.
When the organizational system is
mastered, which means quickly accessible and confidently retrieved, the
information becomes very useful and
can be dialectically synthesized into
any new idea.”
—Leigh Bortins
ClassicalConversations.comClassicalConversationsBooks.com
ESSENTIALS
In Class…
Students Will Learn…
Essentials of
the English
Language Lesson
Overview (45
minutes)
Essentials of
the English
Language
Weekly Lesson
Basic capitalization and
punctuation; phonograms;
sentence structures, patterns, and
purposes; eight parts of speech
plus specific classifications for
verbs, nouns, pronouns, sentence
diagramming; and more!
IEW Unit
Overview (45
minutes)
IEW’s HistoryBased Writing
Lessons
Assignment
Different writing structures
using IEW writing models,
as well as techniques to
polish any writing style
Arithmetic drills
and games
Math
Curriculum of
Choice
Greater speed and accuracy
in mental arithmetic as
students prepare for success
in algebra and beyond
S E NT E NCE C L ASSI F I CAT I O N
Master
4 structures
Simple
Compound
Complex
(FANBOYS)
(www.asia.wub,who/which)
S
S/D
Essential Sentence
A conjunction
God
CONJU
N C T IS
ONS
is a word used
Structure/
to conn
cOORDINA
Vl
PA
Pattern
Essential
holy Sentence
PurposeJesusis
together. (c)
ect words, phra
ses, or clauses*
S/E
S-Vi
Jesus wept!
S-Vt-DO
Jesus1.
loves
me.
Noun(N)5.
Conjunction(C)
S/E
S-Vt-DO
Jesus loves me!
Pronoun(P)6.interjection(i)
Jesus2.
is God.
3. Verb(V)7. Preposition(Pr)
Jesus is holy.
4. Adverb(AV)8. Adjective(AJ)
Jesus made me a crown.
S/E
S-Vl-PN
for
8 Parts of Speech:
(most swiftly)
1.Subject(S)4. EndMark(.?!)
S-Vt-DO-OCA Jesus calls himself holy.
2. Verb(V)5. CompleteSense
3. CapitalLetter
S-Vi
Did Jesus weep? or Who wept?
S/D
S
S/Int.
S/Int.
S/E
S/E
Vt
IO
Does Jesus love me? or Who loves me?
S/Imp.
Is Jesus God? or Who is God?
S/Imp.
Jesus is holy!
S-Vt-IO-DO
Jesus made me a crown!
Vt
S-Vl-PA
Imperative
S-Vt-IO-DO
S-Vt-DO-OCN
S-Vt-DO-OCA
NOUN
Limiting: articles, numbers, other pronouns
Type: intransitive, transitive, linking, helping
Tense: present, past, future
Form: simple, perfect, progressive, perfect progressive
Number: singular, plural
Person: 1st, 2nd, 3rd
Voice: active, passive
Mood: indicative, subjunctive, imperative
NOUNS
Simple - degree:
positive, comparative, superlative
A noun
names a person,
place, thing, activit
To find
Flexional - degree:
positive,
comparative,
superlative
a subject
y, or idea. (N)
noun (SN),
ask, “Who (verb)?
For other usages, see
” or “What (verb)?”
Affirmative, Negative
the Question Confirm
ation.
CONJUNCTION: coordinating, subordinating, correlative, conjunctive
NOU
N
USAG
ES
INTErJECTION
Subject Noun (SN)
...the
roles
or
jobsadverbial,
PrEPOSITION (PHrASE):
a noun adjectival
can have in a sentenc
e.
VErBAL: gerund, participle,
infinitive
Possessive Noun
C PRONOU
A pronoun replaces
a noun
To find a subject pronoun in order to avoid repetition. (P)
(SP), ask, “Who (verb)?”
or “What (
PERS ONA L PRON
OUN S:
S/Imp.
EnglishGramm
ar
lassical
onversations
DO
simple
OCN
S-Vt-DO-OCN Jesus calls himself
Master!
Jesuscallshimself
Master
S-Vt-DO-OCA
Vt
DO
Weep.
OCA
S-Vt-DO
Love me.
S-Vl-PN
Be God.
S-Vl-PA
compound
complex
Jesus calls himself holy!
Jesuscallshimself holy
Did Jesus make me a crown? or Who made me a
S/Imp.
S-Vt-IO-DO
crown?
Did Jesus call himself Master? or Who called
S/Imp.
S-Vt-DO-OCN
S-Vt-DO-OCN himself Master?
is a group of words
which has both
a subject and a
A phrase is a group
of words which
Did Jesus call himself holy? or Who callsverb.
himself
does not have both
S/Imp.
S-V
-DO-OCA
S-Vt-DO-OCA holy?
a subject
t and
a verb.
S-Vt-IO-DO
Compound-Complex
Interrogative
Possessive
DO
S-Vl-PA
S/Imp. S S-Vi
S-Vt-DO
Is Jesus holy? or Who is holy?
S
S/E
S-Vl-PN
S-Vl-PA
Complex
S-Vl-PN
Be holy.
between
beyond
Call yourself holy.
on
onto
out
within
without
KEy: Purpose:D-Declarative,E-Exclamatory,int.-interrogative,imp.-imperativeStructure:S-Simple,Cd-Compound,Cx-Complex,Cd-Cx-Compound-Complex
Exc
lam
more
than ato
one ry (!)
Plural
Sometimes two
or more words
can act as a prepo
Examples:
sition:
according to
due to
in front of
in addition to
in spite of
up to
instead of
ahead of
out of
because of
with the excep
by way of
tion of
except for
in back of
along with
in case of
away from
Make me a crown.
Call yourself master.
compound
complex
Some of these
words can act
as adverbs when
not followed by
they are
a noun.
Examples:
The children playe
d outside.
They threw the
ball around.
Concrete
Abstract
Collective
a group composed of
members
Imtwoper
words
joined
ativ
e (.togethe
!) r
3. Verb (V)
4. Adverb (AV)
5. Conjunctio
n (C)
6. Interjection
(I)
7. Preposition
(Pr)
8. Adjective (AJ)
Subject
5 parts of a sen
tence:
1. Subject (S)
2. Verb (V)
3. Capital Lette
r
4. End Mark
(. ? !)
5. Complete Sens
e
Vl
s
Subject
s
Jesus
Subject
s
Jesus
Subject
s
Jesus
Indefinite
s
Predicate Nomin
Pronoun ative
pN
is
God
Relative Pronouns
Verb-linking
Predicate Adject
ive
Vl
Vt
who, whom, whose,
holy
Verb-transitive
made
who, whom, whose,
Indirect Object
IO
Direct Object
DO
me
Verb-transitive
crown
Vt
calls
Verb-transitive
Vt
calls
Direct Object
DO
himself
Direct Object
DO
himself
which, what
all, another, any, anybody
, anyone, anything,
everything, few, many,
bot
more, most, neither,
nobo
somebody, someone
, such
pA
is
He drove ___
S:
this, that, these, those
me
Verb-linking
Jesus
Subject
Demonstrative
DO
Pronouns
Interrogative
Pronouns
loves
pack (ofsdogs)
Jesus
Direct Object
Vt
doghouse
8 parts of spe
ech:
______.
OTHE R PRON OUN
Verb-transitive
Interrogative
(?)
Compound
1. Noun (N)
2. Pronoun (P)
t
dog
dogs Subject
s
can be experienced with
the five senses
pawJesu
concept, quality, or
s
be experienced withcondition that cannot
the five senses
loyalty
a
S/Int.
S/E
Imperative (.!)
pRONOU
S/Int.
Interrogative (?)
www.ClassicalConversationsBooks.com
Ns
S/Int.
S/Int.
S-Vt-IO-DO
S-Vt-DO-OCN Jesus5calls
himself
Parts
of aMaster.
Sentence:
S/D
S/Int.
S-Vl-PA
S-Vt-DO
Descriptive - degree: positive, comparative, superlative
a
S/D
Personal Pronoun:
Case: nominative, objective, possessive
Person: 1st, 2nd, 3rd
Number: singular, plural
Gender: masculine, feminine, neuter, common
Other Pronoun: demonstrative, interrogative, indefinite,
reflexive, relative
Jesusmade
me
S-Vl-PN
Jesus
is God! crown
ADJEC
An adjective
TIVES
modifies a noun
or pronoun by
Adjectives answ
describing, qual
er the questions
ifying, or limi
: What kind? Whic
ting. (AJ)
One-Word Adje
h one? How many
ctives:
? Whose?
DEscRIpTIVE
tell “what kind
?
”
beautiful, glori
ous, honest, crim
son, etc.
DEGREE
positive (stron
g ), comparati
pOssEssIVE
ve (stronger),
tell “whose?”
superlative (stron
gest)
possessive Nou
n Adjectives
the girl’s smile
possessive prop
, the book’s cove
er Noun Adje
r
ctives Joshu
RELATIVE pRO
a’s book, Timo
Subject Verb-transitive DirectObjectObjectComplementAdj.
possessive pron
about
thy’s diligence
NOUNs alwa
oun Adjective
but
s
ys come in pairs
my, your, his,
outside
above
her, its, our, their
and connect
LIMITING
either/or
by
words of equa
tell “which one?
neither/nor
l importance.
over
across
” or “how man
both/and
y?
”
concerning
or
“whi
Article Adjective
ch?”
whether/or
Examples:
past
after
s a, an (inde
not only/but
eithe
finite
dow
also
r Tom or Sue
articles); the (defi
n
Number
not/but
regarding
against
nite article)
whether Tom
neither Tom
one car, a milli
during
or
nor
on books
Demonstrative
since
not only Tom Sue
both Tom and Sue
along
but also Sue
Sue
This book is won
except
not Tom but
derful.
through
Indefinite
amid
Sue
for
Some books are
throughout
on the shelf.
398EssentialsoftheEnglishLanguage
www.ClassicalConversationsBooks.com
among
Interrogative
from
Which book was
REL
to
around
ATIVE pRONO
on the shelf?
in
UNs introduce
subordinate
toward
at
adjectival
clauses* and
inside
cONJUNcTI
relate them to
modifiy. They
under
VE ADVERBs
the word they
atop
Multi-Word Adje
are used in a
into
ctives:
complex sente
accordingly
underneath
that
before
pHRAsE: The
nce.
henc
who
boy in the field
e
like
although
nevertheless
chased the cat.
whom
until
cLAUsE: The
behind
however
whose
boy who playe
besid
near
es
similarly
which
d baseball ran.
Example: The
up
below
indeed
©2011 class
boy, who cried
consequently
ical conversati
still
of
wolf, was not being
ons® multimed
moreover
upon
beneath
ia
furthermore
truthful.
www.classicalc
therefore
off
onversationsbo
meanwhile
with
oks.com
beside
thus
*A clause
S/D
Exclamatory
S-Vi
TING conjun
INTERJE
Subjective
Objective
ctions connect
compound subj
Posse
(Nominative)
CTIONS
An interject
Adjective (PNA)
grammatically
Pronouns
ects, compoun
ion is a wor
Prono
equal words
Pronouns
d verbs, or com
d or phrase
or groups of
used as a stro
pound sentence
Indirect Object (IO)
words like
An interjecti
ng expression
s. Remember:
on is set apar
Independ
of feeling or
FANVerb-transitiveindirectObjectDirectObject
and
BOys.
Subject
t from the sent
Subject
emo
nor
tion. (I)
Direct Object
ence by eithe
Direct Object (DO)
A noun can also be
Subject
Predicate
but
r an exclamati
used
Use for:
Object of Preposition
Oh, give than
Predicate
Direct
or
on
as
Nominativ
O
an
adjective or adverb.
mark or a com
e Indirect Object
ks
yet
Object of
ma.
1st Person
Ouch! The bee to the Lord, for He is good
®
Object of the Preposition
so
!
stung me!
I
(OP)
me
Wow! We can
Noun Adjectives:
tRivium tAb
sUBORDINA
mine
do great thin
les
TING conjun
2nd Person
gs together!
collar A Qui ckdog
ctions introduce
A phrase may
they modify.
Ref
Predic
you
eRe
porch
ate
Nominative
light nce Gui de
also act as an
adverbial subo
you
They are used
foR stu den
yours
interjection as
rdinate claus
in complex sente
tsPerson
SE NT EN CE(PN)
3rd
es* and relate
of enG lish
in, Oh my good
nces. Rememb
Interjections
them to the word
Object Comp
Noun Adverbs:
ness! or Oh
when
er: www.asia
CL
masculine
he GRA mmA R
lement Noun
AS) SIFWe
while whe
him
boy!
connected to are diagrammed on a sepa
.wub.
(OCN
IC
his
re .
ranAT
the sentence
homeIO
rate line abov
.
N 112 different types of sentences can be create
as since
.
e the sentence
4 stru
We ate pizza yesterda the four structures 3rd Person
Noun of Direct Addre
if although
More subordina
since they are
×feminin
y.
four purpo
ss (NDA) ctures
e ses × she d by combining
ting conjunctio
.
her
not
seven
gram
whe
patter
hers
matically
reas unless
ns:
after
ns.
3rd Person
becauseDirectObjectObjectComplementNoun
Appositive (AP)
Subject Verb-transitive
but that
as if
neuter
it
Examples:
that
it
how
(not used
as long as
We play when
though
we are young.
1st Person
in order that
PREPO
we
When we are
as soon as
(FANBOYS)
until
us
young, we play.
SITION
ours
lest
(www.asia.wub,
Since
as though
we
who/
A
are youn
preposition
whenever
which)
S
2nd Person
so that
relates a nou
NOU
you
We play becau g, we play.
(FANBOYS +
N
before
ATTR
n
you
IBUT
or
Example
www.a
wher
pronoun to
se we are youn
ES Common
s
sia.wub, who/w
ever
Prepositions
yours
non-spe
than
another wor
hich)
g.
We play after
are
d. (pr)
we finish our
Declarcificative (.)
why
...ways to describe a
its object, and always followed by a noun
dog Subject
3rd Person
work.
Proper
noun.
they
Verb-intransitive
the modifiers
which is calle
specific, requires a capital
them
between them
d the “object
theirs
letter
Note: some of
Rover s
Test
of
create a “pre
Vi
______ will go.
these words can
positional phra the preposition.” The prep
Tom saw
also be used as
prepositions.
se.”
Singular
osition,
The car is __
Jesus wep
one
cOR
Jesus wept.
ord Adv
Number: singular, plural
Type: common, proper
concrete, abstract, collective, compound
Introduced Week 1
i
S-V
Multi-W
positive (swift
), comparative
(more swiftly
), superlative
S/D
PN
Asimplesentenceconsistsofoneindependentclauseandexpressesacompletethought.(Anindependentclausecontainsonesubject Subject
Verb-linkingPredicateAdjective
predicatepair,thoughthesubjectorthepredicate,orbothmaybecompound.)
How much? Unde
r what condition?
erbs:
pHRAsE: The
boy ran in the
field.
cLAUsE The
boy ran when
his friend calle
d him.
S/D
Vl
Compound
Declarative
sentence pattern(s):
SINGULAR
adverb + -ly
yes, certainly
Declarative (.)
DEGREE
Structure/ Pattern
suffix
Purpose
one-word adve
rb, no
no, not, never
S
7 patterns
A
Simple Structure
DO
Verb-linking PredicateNominative
112 M O
CES
Imperative
(. !)DEL S ENTEN
Jesusis
Master
Simple
sentence purpose:
Write the sentence, one word per block.
Jesusloves me
Subject
sentence structure:
A diAlectic desktop foR students of enGlish GRAmmAR
PLURAL
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
Vt
Quid et Quo
Label the usage (job or role) of each word.
Subject Verb-transitive DirectObject
S
®
4 purposes
FLEXIONAL
lassical
onversations
tRivium tAbles
PRONOUN
4 purposes
Exclamatory (!)
Exclamatory (!)
400EssentialsoftheEnglishLanguage
sIMpLE
C Vi
Jesuswept
DVERB
An adverb mod
ifies a verb, adje
S
ctive, or anot
Adverbs answer
her adverb. (AV)
the questions: How
? When? Wher
e? Why? To what
extent? How often
?
One-Word Adv
erbs:
Compound
Complex
(FANBOYS)+ www.asia.wub,who/which
Subject Verb-intransitive
Declarative (.)
Interrogative (?)
B
Introduced Week 1
112 Different Types of Sentences can be created by combining
the four structures × four purposes × seven patterns.
7 patterns
A
From
Essentials of
the English
Language
guide:
Also available for more practice:
Classical Conversations Trivium Tables
for English Grammar and Quid et
Quo are laminated, foldable, reusable
resources for your student to practice
analytical task exercises in the language
portion of EEL. Order yours from our
online bookstore.
ADJECTIVE
Math
VERB
Writing
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ADVERB
Language
Arts
At Home…
Object Complemen
t Noun
OcN
master
Object Complemen
t Adjective
OcA
holy
www.ClassicalCo
ClassicalConversations.comClassicalConversationsBooks.com
whoever, whomever,
that, w