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C lassical onversations ® ESSENTIALS The Program This two-hour, afternoon class is designed to prepare fourth- through sixth-grade students for the Challenge program. This power-packed course is the perfect complement to our Foundations program, but any family may participate. Language structure and analysis, writing structure and style, and arithmetic speed and accuracy are the essential components of this popular 24-week program. The Essentials of the English Language program (EEL) is a complete language arts program that takes students beyond the worksheet. Mixing strategic memorization of vocabulary, rules, and lists with a series of analytical tasks, EEL teaches students how to thoughtfully analyze sentence construction. The result is strong language construction and usage skills—both written and oral. C lassical onversations CONNECTED ® The Community Continuing to capitalize on the “community dynamic,” students present writing assignments and enjoy games, drills, and team-building mini-competitions that strengthen the essential language and arithmetic skills. Students emerge confident to tackle higher language and math courses when these simple, yet often neglected, skills are mastered. The Classical Model Classical education trains students to learn any information through a three-step process: 1) Memorize vocabulary and rules (grammar) 2) Process new concepts (dialectic or logic) 3) Clearly, persuasively, and logically use grammar knowledge to influence others (rhetoric) —Leigh Bortins Echo in Celebration: A Call to Home-Centered Education Our online community provides many additional resources for memory work and a fuller learning experience. Membership is through subscription, but registered Essentials families receive a substantial subscription discount. The Partnership Students and their parents meet for two hours each week after Foundations. A trained tutor facilitates class time, but like Foundations, parents also participate with their children. “A good education teaches a child how to build a [place in] the mind for every subject. You not only feed children information to [retain] but also help the students see ways to organize the information for quick retrieval. When the organizational system is mastered, which means quickly accessible and confidently retrieved, the information becomes very useful and can be dialectically synthesized into any new idea.” —Leigh Bortins ClassicalConversations.comClassicalConversationsBooks.com ESSENTIALS In Class… Students Will Learn… Essentials of the English Language Lesson Overview (45 minutes) Essentials of the English Language Weekly Lesson Basic capitalization and punctuation; phonograms; sentence structures, patterns, and purposes; eight parts of speech plus specific classifications for verbs, nouns, pronouns, sentence diagramming; and more! IEW Unit Overview (45 minutes) IEW’s HistoryBased Writing Lessons Assignment Different writing structures using IEW writing models, as well as techniques to polish any writing style Arithmetic drills and games Math Curriculum of Choice Greater speed and accuracy in mental arithmetic as students prepare for success in algebra and beyond S E NT E NCE C L ASSI F I CAT I O N Master 4 structures Simple Compound Complex (FANBOYS) (www.asia.wub,who/which) S S/D Essential Sentence A conjunction God CONJU N C T IS ONS is a word used Structure/ to conn cOORDINA Vl PA Pattern Essential holy Sentence PurposeJesusis together. (c) ect words, phra ses, or clauses* S/E S-Vi Jesus wept! S-Vt-DO Jesus1. loves me. Noun(N)5. Conjunction(C) S/E S-Vt-DO Jesus loves me! Pronoun(P)6.interjection(i) Jesus2. is God. 3. Verb(V)7. Preposition(Pr) Jesus is holy. 4. Adverb(AV)8. Adjective(AJ) Jesus made me a crown. S/E S-Vl-PN for 8 Parts of Speech: (most swiftly) 1.Subject(S)4. EndMark(.?!) S-Vt-DO-OCA Jesus calls himself holy. 2. Verb(V)5. CompleteSense 3. CapitalLetter S-Vi Did Jesus weep? or Who wept? S/D S S/Int. S/Int. S/E S/E Vt IO Does Jesus love me? or Who loves me? S/Imp. Is Jesus God? or Who is God? S/Imp. Jesus is holy! S-Vt-IO-DO Jesus made me a crown! Vt S-Vl-PA Imperative S-Vt-IO-DO S-Vt-DO-OCN S-Vt-DO-OCA NOUN Limiting: articles, numbers, other pronouns Type: intransitive, transitive, linking, helping Tense: present, past, future Form: simple, perfect, progressive, perfect progressive Number: singular, plural Person: 1st, 2nd, 3rd Voice: active, passive Mood: indicative, subjunctive, imperative NOUNS Simple - degree: positive, comparative, superlative A noun names a person, place, thing, activit To find Flexional - degree: positive, comparative, superlative a subject y, or idea. (N) noun (SN), ask, “Who (verb)? For other usages, see ” or “What (verb)?” Affirmative, Negative the Question Confirm ation. CONJUNCTION: coordinating, subordinating, correlative, conjunctive NOU N USAG ES INTErJECTION Subject Noun (SN) ...the roles or jobsadverbial, PrEPOSITION (PHrASE): a noun adjectival can have in a sentenc e. VErBAL: gerund, participle, infinitive Possessive Noun C PRONOU A pronoun replaces a noun To find a subject pronoun in order to avoid repetition. (P) (SP), ask, “Who (verb)?” or “What ( PERS ONA L PRON OUN S: S/Imp. EnglishGramm ar lassical onversations DO simple OCN S-Vt-DO-OCN Jesus calls himself Master! Jesuscallshimself Master S-Vt-DO-OCA Vt DO Weep. OCA S-Vt-DO Love me. S-Vl-PN Be God. S-Vl-PA compound complex Jesus calls himself holy! Jesuscallshimself holy Did Jesus make me a crown? or Who made me a S/Imp. S-Vt-IO-DO crown? Did Jesus call himself Master? or Who called S/Imp. S-Vt-DO-OCN S-Vt-DO-OCN himself Master? is a group of words which has both a subject and a A phrase is a group of words which Did Jesus call himself holy? or Who callsverb. himself does not have both S/Imp. S-V -DO-OCA S-Vt-DO-OCA holy? a subject t and a verb. S-Vt-IO-DO Compound-Complex Interrogative Possessive DO S-Vl-PA S/Imp. S S-Vi S-Vt-DO Is Jesus holy? or Who is holy? S S/E S-Vl-PN S-Vl-PA Complex S-Vl-PN Be holy. between beyond Call yourself holy. on onto out within without KEy: Purpose:D-Declarative,E-Exclamatory,int.-interrogative,imp.-imperativeStructure:S-Simple,Cd-Compound,Cx-Complex,Cd-Cx-Compound-Complex Exc lam more than ato one ry (!) Plural Sometimes two or more words can act as a prepo Examples: sition: according to due to in front of in addition to in spite of up to instead of ahead of out of because of with the excep by way of tion of except for in back of along with in case of away from Make me a crown. Call yourself master. compound complex Some of these words can act as adverbs when not followed by they are a noun. Examples: The children playe d outside. They threw the ball around. Concrete Abstract Collective a group composed of members Imtwoper words joined ativ e (.togethe !) r 3. Verb (V) 4. Adverb (AV) 5. Conjunctio n (C) 6. Interjection (I) 7. Preposition (Pr) 8. Adjective (AJ) Subject 5 parts of a sen tence: 1. Subject (S) 2. Verb (V) 3. Capital Lette r 4. End Mark (. ? !) 5. Complete Sens e Vl s Subject s Jesus Subject s Jesus Subject s Jesus Indefinite s Predicate Nomin Pronoun ative pN is God Relative Pronouns Verb-linking Predicate Adject ive Vl Vt who, whom, whose, holy Verb-transitive made who, whom, whose, Indirect Object IO Direct Object DO me Verb-transitive crown Vt calls Verb-transitive Vt calls Direct Object DO himself Direct Object DO himself which, what all, another, any, anybody , anyone, anything, everything, few, many, bot more, most, neither, nobo somebody, someone , such pA is He drove ___ S: this, that, these, those me Verb-linking Jesus Subject Demonstrative DO Pronouns Interrogative Pronouns loves pack (ofsdogs) Jesus Direct Object Vt doghouse 8 parts of spe ech: ______. OTHE R PRON OUN Verb-transitive Interrogative (?) Compound 1. Noun (N) 2. Pronoun (P) t dog dogs Subject s can be experienced with the five senses pawJesu concept, quality, or s be experienced withcondition that cannot the five senses loyalty a S/Int. S/E Imperative (.!) pRONOU S/Int. Interrogative (?) www.ClassicalConversationsBooks.com Ns S/Int. S/Int. S-Vt-IO-DO S-Vt-DO-OCN Jesus5calls himself Parts of aMaster. Sentence: S/D S/Int. S-Vl-PA S-Vt-DO Descriptive - degree: positive, comparative, superlative a S/D Personal Pronoun: Case: nominative, objective, possessive Person: 1st, 2nd, 3rd Number: singular, plural Gender: masculine, feminine, neuter, common Other Pronoun: demonstrative, interrogative, indefinite, reflexive, relative Jesusmade me S-Vl-PN Jesus is God! crown ADJEC An adjective TIVES modifies a noun or pronoun by Adjectives answ describing, qual er the questions ifying, or limi : What kind? Whic ting. (AJ) One-Word Adje h one? How many ctives: ? Whose? DEscRIpTIVE tell “what kind ? ” beautiful, glori ous, honest, crim son, etc. DEGREE positive (stron g ), comparati pOssEssIVE ve (stronger), tell “whose?” superlative (stron gest) possessive Nou n Adjectives the girl’s smile possessive prop , the book’s cove er Noun Adje r ctives Joshu RELATIVE pRO a’s book, Timo Subject Verb-transitive DirectObjectObjectComplementAdj. possessive pron about thy’s diligence NOUNs alwa oun Adjective but s ys come in pairs my, your, his, outside above her, its, our, their and connect LIMITING either/or by words of equa tell “which one? neither/nor l importance. over across ” or “how man both/and y? ” concerning or “whi Article Adjective ch?” whether/or Examples: past after s a, an (inde not only/but eithe finite dow also r Tom or Sue articles); the (defi n Number not/but regarding against nite article) whether Tom neither Tom one car, a milli during or nor on books Demonstrative since not only Tom Sue both Tom and Sue along but also Sue Sue This book is won except not Tom but derful. through Indefinite amid Sue for Some books are throughout on the shelf. 398EssentialsoftheEnglishLanguage www.ClassicalConversationsBooks.com among Interrogative from Which book was REL to around ATIVE pRONO on the shelf? in UNs introduce subordinate toward at adjectival clauses* and inside cONJUNcTI relate them to modifiy. They under VE ADVERBs the word they atop Multi-Word Adje are used in a into ctives: complex sente accordingly underneath that before pHRAsE: The nce. henc who boy in the field e like although nevertheless chased the cat. whom until cLAUsE: The behind however whose boy who playe besid near es similarly which d baseball ran. Example: The up below indeed ©2011 class boy, who cried consequently ical conversati still of wolf, was not being ons® multimed moreover upon beneath ia furthermore truthful. www.classicalc therefore off onversationsbo meanwhile with oks.com beside thus *A clause S/D Exclamatory S-Vi TING conjun INTERJE Subjective Objective ctions connect compound subj Posse (Nominative) CTIONS An interject Adjective (PNA) grammatically Pronouns ects, compoun ion is a wor Prono equal words Pronouns d verbs, or com d or phrase or groups of used as a stro pound sentence Indirect Object (IO) words like An interjecti ng expression s. Remember: on is set apar Independ of feeling or FANVerb-transitiveindirectObjectDirectObject and BOys. Subject t from the sent Subject emo nor tion. (I) Direct Object ence by eithe Direct Object (DO) A noun can also be Subject Predicate but r an exclamati used Use for: Object of Preposition Oh, give than Predicate Direct or on as Nominativ O an adjective or adverb. mark or a com e Indirect Object ks yet Object of ma. 1st Person Ouch! The bee to the Lord, for He is good ® Object of the Preposition so ! stung me! I (OP) me Wow! We can Noun Adjectives: tRivium tAb sUBORDINA mine do great thin les TING conjun 2nd Person gs together! collar A Qui ckdog ctions introduce A phrase may they modify. Ref Predic you eRe porch ate Nominative light nce Gui de also act as an adverbial subo you They are used foR stu den yours interjection as rdinate claus in complex sente tsPerson SE NT EN CE(PN) 3rd es* and relate of enG lish in, Oh my good nces. Rememb Interjections them to the word Object Comp Noun Adverbs: ness! or Oh when er: www.asia CL masculine he GRA mmA R lement Noun AS) SIFWe while whe him boy! connected to are diagrammed on a sepa .wub. (OCN IC his re . ranAT the sentence homeIO rate line abov . N 112 different types of sentences can be create as since . e the sentence 4 stru We ate pizza yesterda the four structures 3rd Person Noun of Direct Addre if although More subordina since they are ×feminin y. four purpo ss (NDA) ctures e ses × she d by combining ting conjunctio . her not seven gram whe patter hers matically reas unless ns: after ns. 3rd Person becauseDirectObjectObjectComplementNoun Appositive (AP) Subject Verb-transitive but that as if neuter it Examples: that it how (not used as long as We play when though we are young. 1st Person in order that PREPO we When we are as soon as (FANBOYS) until us young, we play. SITION ours lest (www.asia.wub, Since as though we who/ A are youn preposition whenever which) S 2nd Person so that relates a nou NOU you We play becau g, we play. (FANBOYS + N before ATTR n you IBUT or Example www.a wher pronoun to se we are youn ES Common s sia.wub, who/w ever Prepositions yours non-spe than another wor hich) g. We play after are d. (pr) we finish our Declarcificative (.) why ...ways to describe a its object, and always followed by a noun dog Subject 3rd Person work. Proper noun. they Verb-intransitive the modifiers which is calle specific, requires a capital them between them d the “object theirs letter Note: some of Rover s Test of create a “pre Vi ______ will go. these words can positional phra the preposition.” The prep Tom saw also be used as prepositions. se.” Singular osition, The car is __ Jesus wep one cOR Jesus wept. ord Adv Number: singular, plural Type: common, proper concrete, abstract, collective, compound Introduced Week 1 i S-V Multi-W positive (swift ), comparative (more swiftly ), superlative S/D PN Asimplesentenceconsistsofoneindependentclauseandexpressesacompletethought.(Anindependentclausecontainsonesubject Subject Verb-linkingPredicateAdjective predicatepair,thoughthesubjectorthepredicate,orbothmaybecompound.) How much? Unde r what condition? erbs: pHRAsE: The boy ran in the field. cLAUsE The boy ran when his friend calle d him. S/D Vl Compound Declarative sentence pattern(s): SINGULAR adverb + -ly yes, certainly Declarative (.) DEGREE Structure/ Pattern suffix Purpose one-word adve rb, no no, not, never S 7 patterns A Simple Structure DO Verb-linking PredicateNominative 112 M O CES Imperative (. !)DEL S ENTEN Jesusis Master Simple sentence purpose: Write the sentence, one word per block. Jesusloves me Subject sentence structure: A diAlectic desktop foR students of enGlish GRAmmAR PLURAL AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE Vt Quid et Quo Label the usage (job or role) of each word. Subject Verb-transitive DirectObject S ® 4 purposes FLEXIONAL lassical onversations tRivium tAbles PRONOUN 4 purposes Exclamatory (!) Exclamatory (!) 400EssentialsoftheEnglishLanguage sIMpLE C Vi Jesuswept DVERB An adverb mod ifies a verb, adje S ctive, or anot Adverbs answer her adverb. (AV) the questions: How ? When? Wher e? Why? To what extent? How often ? One-Word Adv erbs: Compound Complex (FANBOYS)+ www.asia.wub,who/which Subject Verb-intransitive Declarative (.) Interrogative (?) B Introduced Week 1 112 Different Types of Sentences can be created by combining the four structures × four purposes × seven patterns. 7 patterns A From Essentials of the English Language guide: Also available for more practice: Classical Conversations Trivium Tables for English Grammar and Quid et Quo are laminated, foldable, reusable resources for your student to practice analytical task exercises in the language portion of EEL. Order yours from our online bookstore. ADJECTIVE Math VERB Writing To find an Essentials Community near you, to start an Essentials Community, or to learn more about participation costs, visit our website and click on the map. For resources and materials needed to participate in our Essentials Community, visit our online bookstore. ADVERB Language Arts At Home… Object Complemen t Noun OcN master Object Complemen t Adjective OcA holy www.ClassicalCo ClassicalConversations.comClassicalConversationsBooks.com whoever, whomever, that, w