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Energy and Energy Resources
What is energy and what are energy resources?
Before You Read
Before you read the chapter, think about what you know about energy and energy resources. Write
three things you already know about these topics in the first column. Then specify three things that
you would like to learn about energy and energy resources in the second column. When you have
completed the chapter, think about what you have learned and complete the What I Learned
column.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
K
What I Know
W
What I Want to Learn
L
What I Learned
Chapter Vocabulary
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
NEW
NEW
NEW
energy
kinetic energy
potential energy
work
mechanical energy
sound energy
thermal energy
electric energy
radiant energy
nuclear energy
law of conservation of
energy
friction
nonrenewable energy
resource
fossil fuel
renewable energy
resource
inexhaustible energy
resource
REVIEW
nuclei
A Lesson Content Vocabulary page for each lesson is provided in the Chapter Resources Files.
Lesson 1
Forms of Energy
Skim Lesson 1 in your book. Read the headings and look at the photos and illustrations.
Select three things you want to learn more about as you read the lesson. Write your ideas in
your Science Journal.
What is energy?
I found this on page
Organize information about energy.
.
Energy
Sample answers are
shown.
the ability to
cause change
Examples
light
I found this on page
change in
position
change in
motion
Complete the sentence frame to explain kinetic energy.
speed
.
Kinetic energy
depends on the
and
of an object.
mass
Potential Energy—Stored
Energy
I found this on page
Summarize information about potential energy.
.
Potential Energy
stored
energy
Three forms:
gravitational
elastic
chemical
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Kinetic Energy—Energy
of Motion
sound
Answer Key
Energy and Energy Resources
Lesson 1
Before You Read
1.
2.
agree
disagree
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Read to Learn
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
the ability to cause change
the car in front, because it is moving faster
energy due to motion
b. mass and height above the ground
Students should put an X on any object that is on a higher shelf or that is heavier than
the vase on the bottom shelf.
6.
7.
8.
a. jumping on a pogo stick
All forms are stored energy.
Students should highlight some lines between atoms. When chemical bonds are broken,
energy is released.
when the girl lifted the box
Work is the transfer of energy.
when the rock moves
Students should circle the ice. The ice is gaining thermal energy.
b. waves that can travel through a vacuum
Possible answer: The motion of particles that make up an object produces thermal energy.
Electric current carries electric energy. Electromagnetic waves carry radiant energy.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
After You Read
1.
Possible answer: Work is the transfer of energy.
2.
Form of
Energy
3.
Definition
Form of
Energy
Kinetic
energy due to
motion
Electric
energy that an
electric current
carries
Thermal
Mechanical
total energy of an
object or group of
objects due to
large-scale motions
and interactions
Radiant
Nuclear
energy stored in
the nucleus of an
atom
Sound
Potential
Definition
stored energy due to
interactions between
objects or particles
energy due to the
motion of particles
that make up an
object
energy that
electromagnetic
waves carry
energy that sound
waves carry
the book sitting on the desk, because it is above the floor
Lesson 1 | Forms of Energy (continued)
I found this on page
.
Classify the 3 forms of potential energy. Describe or draw a
picture of an example of each form.
Sample answers are
shown.
Potential Energy
Form
gravitational
elastic
chemical
I found this on page
.
Definition
Example
depends on the mass of the
object and its height above
the ground
ball falling
from a
height
energy stored when an
object is compressed,
stretched, or deformed
stretching a
rubber band
energy stored in bonds
between atoms;
released when chemical
reactions occur
eating an
apple
Draw a picture of a yo-yo as it moves up and down a string. Label
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
your drawing with these terms:
• potential energy
• kinetic energy
Drawings should indicate that the yo-yo has (gravitational)
potential energy at the top of the string, and kinetic energy
as it moves.
Lesson 1 | Forms of Energy (continued)
Explain the relationship between work and energy.
Energy and Work
I found this on page
.
Work is the transfer of energy to an object by a force that
makes the object move in the direction of the force.
I found this on page
.
Classify examples of work. Circle the examples in which work is
occurring.
lifting a box
ice skating
sitting in a car
grocery shopping
kicking a ball
pushing on a wall
sending a text message
thinking
Identify the forms of energy.
Other Forms of Energy
I found this on page
Sample answers are
shown.
.
Forms of Energy
Description
sum of kinetic and potential energy
of an object or group of objects
sound
carried by sound waves; produced
by objects that vibrate
thermal
the sum of kinetic energy and potential
energy of the particles in matter due to
their random motion
electric
carried by an electric current
radiant or light
carried by electromagnetic waves
nuclear
the energy stored in the nucleus of an
atom
Use the terms kinetic energy and chemical potential energy to describe
the types of energy demonstrated as you eat an apple on your way to class.
Accept all reasonable responses. Sample answer: As you eat an apple, you take in
chemical potential energy. The body uses this energy to move, think, and grow. As
you walk to class, your body is using the potential chemical energy to move. Energy
of movement is kinetic energy.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
mechanical
Lesson 2
Energy Transformations
Scan Lesson 2 in your book. Write three questions you have about energy transformations in
your Science Journal. Try to answer your questions as you read.
Identify another term for “energy changing form.”
Changes Between
Forms of Energy
energy transformation
I found this on page
.
Changes Between Kinetic
and Potential Energy
I found this on page
.
Describe how energy changes as a ball is thrown in the air.
Indicate the relative amounts of potential and kinetic energy at
each position.
Position C
Position B
Position D
Position E
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Position A
I found this on page
170
.
Position
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
A
highest
lowest
B
decreasing
increasing
C
lowest
highest
D
increasing
decreasing
E
highest
lowest
Indicate the terms that will make the equation correct.
Total energy =
kinetic
energy +
potential
energy
Lesson 2
Before You Read
3.
4.
agree
disagree
Read to Learn
radiant energy to thermal energy
at point C, where the ball is at its highest point
because the ball’s height decreases
Energy can be transformed from one form into another or transferred from one region to
another, but energy cannot be created or destroyed.
5. total energy, because energy cannot be created or destroyed
6. mechanical energy to thermal energy
7. Possible answers: warm a room, cook food, power a jet
8. sound energy to electric energy to radiant energy
9. Energy changes form.
10. Students should circle the exhaust, tires on the road (friction), and the engine area (engine
gets hot).
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
After You Read
1. Possible answer: When I play hockey, friction between the ice and the skate blades slows
my glide.
2.
Energy Change
Kinetic to potential
Example
Throw a ball into the air.
Electric to thermal
Turn on a lamp.
Potential to kinetic
An object falls to the
ground.
Chemical to
electric
Use a battery to power a
light.
Energy Change
Example
Chemical to
thermal
Burn gasoline.
Sound to radiant
A call is received on a
cell phone.
Electric to radiant
Turn on an oven.
Chemical to
kinetic
Food is digested to
help a person move.
3. Students should accurately explain one concept they learned from highlighting
the text.
Lesson 2 | Energy Transformations (continued)
The Law of Conservation
of Energy
I found this on page
Organize information about the law of conservation of
energy.
.
Law of Conservation of Energy
energy cannot be
created
I found this on page
.
energy can be
destroyed
transferred
from one
form into
another
changed
from one
form to
another
Define friction.
Friction is a force that resists the motion of two surfaces
that are touching.
I found this on page
.
Sequence the events that occur as kinetic energy is changed
to thermal energy by friction.
A boy in-line skates on a hard-surface pathway. This is
kinetic energy
an example of
.
The boy applies his brake pad. The pad rubs against
the surface of the path.
friction
The boy starts to slow as
between the pad and the surface of the path
kinetic
changes
into
I found this on page
.
thermal
energy
energy.
Identify one way to reduce friction.
apply a lubricant to surfaces that rub against each other
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Suggest that students
briskly rub their hands
together to underscore
that friction produces
thermal energy.
Lesson 2 | Energy Transformations (continued)
I found this on page
.
Summarize the change in energy as the boy who was in-line
skating slowed down.
high
1. When the boy was skating, kinetic energy was
low
and thermal energy was
,
.
2. As the boy applied his brake pad, kinetic energy was
decreasing
increasing
and thermal energy was
3. When the boy stopped, kinetic energy was
4. At all times, total energy =
energy +
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
I found this on page
,
.
kinetic
thermal
energy.
Identify how energy changed form so that it could be used in each
Using Energy
I found this on page
low
high
and thermal energy was
.
.
.
example.
A space heater
warms a room.
Electric energy changes to
thermal energy.
You eat dinner.
Chemical energy changes to
kinetic (or thermal) energy.
A radio plays.
Radiant (or electric) energy
changes to sound energy.
Explain how waste energy is produced.
A lightbulb converts
some electric energy to
thermal energy
and
waste energy
Explain how you know that not all of the electric energy used by a
television is converted to sound and light.
Accept all reasonable responses. Sample answer: As the television runs, it gets hot.
This is evidence of thermal energy. Because energy cannot be created, this thermal
energy must account for some of the electric energy coming into the TV. So, the total
electric energy coming in is equal to the sound, light, and thermal energy coming out.
Lesson 3
Energy Resources
Predict three things that will be discussed in Lesson 3 after reading the headings. Write your
predictions in your Science Journal.
Sources of Energy
I found this on page
Identify sources of energy that can be traced back to the Sun.
.
Sun
food
gasoline
.
power plants.
1. plants that burn fuels:
coal
2. nuclear power plants:
uranium
3. hydroelectric power plants:
falling water
nonrenewable energy resource, fossil fuels.
.
Fossil Fuels
Definition:
the remains of
ancient
organisms that
are burned as
an energy
source
3 types:
1. coal
2. natural gas
3. petroleum
(or crude
oil)
Nonrenewable
because:
they are being
used up much
faster than
they are
forming
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Organize information about the most commonly used
Nonrenewable
Energy Resources
I found this on page
coal
Detail the 3 main sources of energy for different types of electric
Electric Power Plants
I found this on page
wood
Lesson 3
Before You Read
5.
6.
disagree
agree
Read to Learn
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
the Sun
thermal
They are being used up much faster than they form.
heat, pressure, and chemical reactions
90 percent
(1,200 watts/1,000) × 0.25 = 0.3 kWh
because very little uranium is being formed inside Earth
nuclear energy to thermal energy to kinetic energy to electric energy
Nonrenewable energy resources are in short supply or are used faster than they are
replaced. Renewable energy resources are replaced at least as fast as they are used.
10. b. energy from falling water
11. The turbine would stop turning.
12. Possible answer: Solar cells use sunlight, so they cannot produce electric energy at night.
Possible answer: Wind probably moves faster where high landforms do not block the moving air.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
no, because coal is not a renewable energy source
underground pockets of hot water and steam
40 percent
Conserving energy slows the rate of energy use.
Students should highlight “Does not produce air pollution.”
After You Read
1.
2.
3.
Possible answer: Fossil fuels are found in nature.
Renewable Resources: hydroelectric, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass; Nonrenewable Resources:
petroleum, coal, natural gas, nuclear energy; Inexhaustible Resources: solar energy and wind energy
Students should explain how making a table helped them understand renewable and
nonrenewable resources.
Lesson 3 | Energy Resources (continued)
I found this on page
.
Compare and contrast the formation of petroleum and natural
gas with that of coal.
Petroleum and
Natural Gas
Coal
Both
took millions
of years to form,
formed by heat
and pressure
formed from:
microscopic
ocean
organisms
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
I found this on page
.
formed from:
ancient
swamp plants
Organize information about using fossil fuels.
Fossil Fuel
Products
Use
gasoline, fuel,
oil, diesel fuel,
plastics
heating buildings;
powering cars, trains,
and planes; making
electricity; making
plastic products
Coal
none
burned in electric power
plants; used in the
production of steel and
concrete
Natural Gas
none
used to heat buildings
Petroleum
Explain how burning fossil fuels can lead to global warming.
Burning fossil fuels produces
This gas accumulates in
carbon dioxide gas
Earth’s atmosphere
.
. This
increasing amount of carbon dioxide has helped cause Earth’s
rise
temperature
to
.
average atmospheric
Lesson 3 | Energy Resources (continued)
I found this on page
.
Organize information about nuclear energy.
Nuclear Power Plant
Uranium
nuclei are
broken apart
thermal
Renewable Energy
Resources
I found this on page
.
Sample answers are
shown. Students should
circle solar and wind.
, producing
nuclear waste
energy
Identify 5 renewable energy resources. Describe each
resource, and circle the ones that can also be classified as
inexhaustible energy resources.
1. hydroelectric : Water falls through tunnels in a dam,
changing the water’s potential energy to kinetic energy
and then into electric energy.
2.
solar
: Radiant energy from the Sun; solar cells
convert solar energy into electric energy.
geothermal
: Thermal energy inside Earth produces
underground pockets of hot water and steam; wells pipe
hot water and steam to the surface.
4.
wind
: Wind turbines convert kinetic energy of
moving air to electric energy.
5.
biomass
: The burning of wood, peat, manure, or
other plant and animal materials; some biomass can be
converted to biofuels, which can be burned in engines.
Conserving Energy
Resources
I found this on page
Recognize two ways to conserve energy resources.
.
Conserving energy resources
reduce rate of usage
avoid wasting energy
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3.
Lesson 3 | Energy Resources (continued)
I found this on page
.
Indicate energy usage in the United States in 2006. Use a different
color for each resource: 8% nuclear power, 40% petroleum, 22%
coal, 23% natural gas, and 7% renewable energy.
Sources of Energy Used in the U.S. in 2006
Nuclear
power
8%
Petroleum
40%
Natural gas
23%
Coal
22%
Renewable
energy
7%
I found this on page
.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Sample answers are shown.
Analyze advantages and disadvantages of energy resources.
Nonrenewable Resources
Renewable Resources
Advantages
Advantages
1. inexpensive
1. do not pollute air or water
2. widely available
2. can be a good alternative
where other power
sources are unavailable
Disadvantages
Disadvantages
1. cause pollution or waste
1. can be expensive to set up
2. will eventually run out
2. might need a backup
power supply
Suppose that you have two friends who both want to use a renewable
energy resource to heat their homes. One friend lives in Arizona, and the other lives in
Michigan. What suggestions could you offer?
Accept all reasonable responses. Sample answer: For the friend that lives in Arizona,
I would suggest solar energy because the Sun shines almost every day in Arizona.
For the friend in Michigan, I would suggest geothermal energy. There are fewer sunny
days in Michigan, but the heat inside Earth is constant.
Review
Energy and Energy Resources
Chapter Wrap-Up
Now that you have read the chapter, think about what you have learned. Complete the What I
Learned column on the first page of the chapter.
Use this checklist to help you study.
Complete your Foldables® Chapter Project.
Study your Science Notebook on this chapter.
Study the definitions of vocabulary words.
Reread the chapter, and review the charts, graphs, and illustrations.
Review the Understanding Key Concepts at the end of each lesson.
Look over the Chapter Review at the end of the chapter.
Reread the chapter Big Idea and the lesson Key Concepts. Explain
why the continued use of nonrenewable resources is a global concern.
Accept all reasonable responses. Sample answer: The continued used of
nonrenewable resources makes humans dependent on fossil fuels. At the rate that
we are using nonrenewable resources, we will deplete all fossil fuels before we find
concern.
Challenge Suppose that you are building a new home. What could you do to make your home less
dependent on nonrenewable resources?
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
a viable alternative. Burning fossil fuels causes pollution, which is another global