Download Biology Review 2nd Quarter Major Concepts

Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
2nd 9 Weeks
Review of major concepts of Biology
Plant structure & Function
1. Label each part of the plant diagram above.
2. What is the function of each part?
(1)_____________________________________________________________________
(2)_____________________________________________________________________
(3)_____________________________________________________________________
(4)_____________________________________________________________________
(5)_____________________________________________________________________
(6)_____________________________________________________________________
3. What is a plant?)_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. What are the 4 types of tissues found in plants?
______________________________________________________________________________
5. What is the function of xylem & phloem?
______________________________________________________________________________
6. What is the function of meristem tissue?
______________________________________________________________________________
7. What are the 2 types of meristem tissue & where are they found on the plant?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
1. Label the flower diagram above.
2. What do you call the entire male part of the flower (it is both # 2 & 3 from the diagram
above)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Which part of the plant becomes the fruit_______________________________________
4. Which part of the plant becomes the seed?______________________________________
5. What is pollination?_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. List 3 ways that a seed can be dispersed.________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
1. Label the above diagram with stomata, guard cells, & chloroplast
2. Using arrows show the direction of the following molecules on the diagram above; H2O,
CO2, & O2
3. On which plant organ do you find the structure above? (where do you find it on the plant?)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Under what condition do you think the stomata would be closed?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
Photosynthesis & Respiration
1. Label the above diagram with the following terms: thylakoids, stroma, inner
membrane, outer membrane
2. What is the name of the above organelle? ________________________________
3. What is the function of the above organelle?_____________________________________
4. What is the name of the molecule that captures the sunlight?
_________________________________________________________________________
5. Label the above diagram wherever you see arrows with the following molecules/energy:
water, CO2, O2, light energy.
6. What is the equation for photosynthesis?
___________________________________________________________________________
7. What are the 2 parts of photosynthesis?
___________________________________________________________________________
8. Where does the 1st part occur in the chloroplast? ____________________________
9. Where does the 2nd part occur in the chloroplast?) ____________________________
10. In which plant organ does photosynthesis mainly occur? _____________________________
11. What limiting factors affect photosynthesis and HOW?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
Use page 209 figure 8-7 to help you label the above diagram. Make sure to include:
H2O, light, light dependent reactions, O2, ATP, NADPH, Calvin cycle, sugars, CO2,
ADP +P, NADP+
1. What is the name of the molecule above? __________________________
2. When is the energy released from the above molecule?
___________________________________________________________________
3. What is then name of the above molecule when one phosphate group is removed?
___________________________________________________________________
4. During which process is ATP made in our bodies?
___________________________________________________________________
5. What is a calorie?
___________________________________________________________________
6. What is cellular respiration?
___________________________________________________________________
7. If oxygen is not present in the cell after glycolysis then how can cells make ATP?
___________________________________________________________________
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Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
Using the words from the word bank below to complete the flowchart about cellular
respiration & fermentation.
Glucose
Kreb’s cycle
Fermentation
Glycolysis
~34-36 ATP
Lactic acid
Word Bank:
Pyruvic acid
anaerobic pathway
Electron Transport Chain
Alcohol
aerobic pathway
8. What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration?
___________________________________________________________________________
9. What happens when your body needs ATP in a hurry & you have used it up in the 1st few
seconds? How can it make ATP in your cells without oxygen?
___________________________________________________________________________
10. What polysaccharide does your body use for the 1st 20 minutes of exercise?
___________________________________________________________________________
11. What does your body “burn” after 20 minutes of exercise? ____________________
12. Why do organisms need the process of cell respiration?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
The above diagram shows how respiration & photosynthesis form a cycle.
1. Label the molecules involved in the above diagram: H2O, O2, CO2, & glucose
2. Why do they call cellular respiration & photosynthesis opposite reactions?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Fill in the table below
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Reactants
Products
Location in cell where it occurs
What energy is involved?
Is energy release or absorbed?
What organisms perform this
process?
Formula
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Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
The Cell Cycle
1. What are the 2 reasons that cells divide instead of just getting bigger?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the division of the nucleus called? ____________________________________
3. What is the division of the cytoplasm called? __________________________________
4. What is a sister chromatid? ________________________________________________
’
Label the diagram above with words from the word bank
Word Bank:
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
telophase
Interphase
cell division
M phase
anaphase
DNA replication
cell growth
cytokinesis
metaphase
Prophase
mitosis
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Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
Fill in the diagram below & answer the questions (A,B,C,D, & E are the stages of mitosis)
11. What moves the chromatids during mitosis? ______________________________
12. How many daughter cells are created from mitosis and cytokinesis? __________________
13. During what phase does cytokinesis begin? _______________________________
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Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
14. If a human cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter
cell? ________________________________________________________________________
15. In the cell pictured above, how many chromosomes are present during prophase?
____________________________________________________________________________
Onion Cell Mitosis
Identify the phases of the cell
1. ___________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________________
7. ___________________________________________________
8. ___________________________________________________
9. ___________________________________________________
10. ___________________________________________________
11. ___________________________________________________
12. ___________________________________________________
13. ___________________________________________________
14. ___________________________________________________
15. ___________________________________________________
16. ___________________________________________________
17. ___________________________________________________
18. ___________________________________________________
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Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
Label the correct diagram above with mitosis & meiosis.
Label the phases of meiosis & fill in the table
Name of Phase
Description
1.
Homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrad
2.
Spindle fibers move homologous chromosomes to opposite sides
3.
Nuclear membrane reforms, cytoplasm divides, 4 daughter cells formed
4.
Chromosomes line up along equator, not in homologous pairs
5.
Crossing-over occurs
6.
Chromatids separate
7.
Homologs line up alone equator
8.
Cytoplasm divides, 2 daughter cells are formed
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Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
Meiosis continued
1. What is independent assortment?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. What is crossing over?
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Below explain & draw a diagram of crossing over.
4. What are 3 differences between mitosis & meiosis
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Intro to Genetics
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Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
1. For each genotype, indicate whether it is heterozygous (HE) or homozygous (HO) &
dominant or recessive
AA__________________________
Bb___________________________________
cc__________________________
DD___________________________________
Ee__________________________
Ff____________________________________
gg__________________________
HH____________________________________
2. For each of the genotypes below, determine the phenotype.
Purple flowers are dominant to yellow flowers
___________________________PP
___________________________Pp
___________________________ pp
Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes
___________________________BB
___________________________Bb
___________________________bb
Round seeds are dominant to wrinkled
Square ears are recessive (round ears are dominant)
EE___________________________
Ee___________________________
ee___________________________
RR _________________________
Rr__________________________
rr___________________________
3. For each phenotype, list the genotypes. (Remember to use the letter of dominant trait)
Straight hair is dominant to curly.
straight____________
straight____________
curly______________
Pointed teeth are dominant to round teeth.
pointed____________
pointed____________
round_____________
4. Set up the square for each of the crosses listed below. The trait being studied is round seeds
(dominant) and wrinkled seeds (recessive)
Rr x rr
What percentage of the offspring will be
round? ___________
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Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
Rr x Rr
What percentage of the offspring will be
round? ___________
RR x Rr
What percentage of the offspring will be
round? ___________
5. Pointed noses (PP or Pp) are dominant to round noses (pp). Show a cross using a punnett square
between a heterozygous mother & homozygous dominant father.
6. Show a cross using a punnett square between a mother with a round nose & a father
heterozygous.
7. A homozygous recessive individual is crossed with a homozygous dominant individual. What
will be the genotypes of the
offspring?_______________________________________________________________
Codominance & Incomplete Dominance
1. Label the genotypes & phenotypes that would go with the following problems below &
then indicate if it shows incomplete or codominance
a) Birds can be blue, white, or white with blue-tipped feathers.___________________________
b) Flowers can be white, pink, or red _______________________________________________
c) A Hoo can have curly hair, spiked hair, or a mix of both curly and spiked. ________________
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Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
d) A Sneech can be tall, medium, or short.__________________________________________
e) A Bleexo can be spotted, black, or white. _________________________________________
2. In Smileys, eye shape can be starred, circular, or a circle with a star. Write the genotypes on
the line below for the pictured phenotypes
__________________ _____________________ ___________________
3. Show the cross using a punnett square between a star-eyed and a circle eyed.
What are the phenotypes of the offspring?
____________________________________________________________________________
What are the genotypes?
____________________________________________________________________________
4. Show the cross using a punnett square between a circle-star eyed, and a circle eyed.
How many of the offspring are circle-eyed? _________________________________________
How many of the offspring are circle-star eyed? ______________________________________
5. What are multiple alleles?
____________________________________________________________________________
6. Show a cross using a Punnett square of a mother heterozygous for blood type B and a father
with type O blood. What percent of the offspring with have type B blood? _________________
7.Show a cross using a Punnett square with a mom that is type AB blood with a father
heterozygous for type B blood. What possible blood types can their children have?
____________________________________________________________________________
DIHYBRID CROSS
A cross (or mating)
between two
organisms where
two genes are
studied is called a
DIHYBRID cross.
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The genes are
located on separate
chromosomes, so
Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
BB = black
Bb = black
bb = white
LL = short hair
Ll = short hair
ll = long hair
Fill out the
genotypes of
each of the
offspring to
determine how
many of each
type of
offspring are
produced.
Phenotypic ratios - How many, out of 16 are:
Black, Short
_____________ __
Black, Long
White, Short
_______________
______________
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White, Long
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Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
How many of the
offspring are:
Black, Short ______
Black, Long ______
White, Short ______
White, Long ______
Sex-linked traits
1. Hemophilia is a sex-linked trait. A normal man marries a normal woman and they have a child
with hemophilia. What are the genotypes of the parents?
____________________________________________________________________________
2. In humans, colorblindness is due to the reccesive allele (c), and normal vision is due to the
dominant allele (C). What is the expected offspring between a normal man and a colorblind
woman? SHOW THE PUNNETT SQUARE
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Show a cross using a Punnett square between a mom that carries the hemophlila trait and a
normal dad. What percent of sons will have hemophlilia?
__________________________________________
4.Show a cross using a Punnett square between a dad that is colorblind with a normal mother
that is not a carrier. What percent of the sons will be colorblind? What percent of daughters will
be carriers?
____________________________________________________________________________
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Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
The Human Genome
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the name of the above diagram? ____________________________________
What is the sex of the person shown in the above diagram? ____________________________
Does this person have any type of chromosome disorder? _____________________________
If so, what is the disorder?
______________________________________________________________________
5. What would the above diagram look like for someone with Turner’s syndrome &
Klinefelter’s syndrome?
______________________________________________________________________
6. What is nondisjunction?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
The above is a pedigree tracking 3 generations on a family that carries the genes for Albinism.
Complete the questions below from the above diagram.
Which 2 individuals were the original people that passed on the albinism trait?
______________________________________________________________________________
1. What are the genotype of individuals II-7 and II-8? _____________________________________
2. What is the relationship of individual II-6 to individual II-12? _____________________________
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Biology Review – Second Quarter – Mr. Pagani
3. What is the phenotype, genotype, and sex of individual I-3?
______________________________________________________________________________
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