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Please copy down the date, title and learning outcome and complete the starter
The Cardiovascular System During Exercise
Learning Objectives: Taking a look at the immediate and short-term
effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system
Learning Outcome:
A*/A students will be able to explain in detail the immediate and shortterm effects of exercise upon the cardiovascular system. Reference will
be made to blood pressure, blood vessels and the respiratory system.
B/ students will be able to identify and begin to explain the immediate and
short-term effects of exercise upon the CV system.
C/ students will be able to list the immediate and short term effects of
exercise on the body and give broad reasoning why these happens.
Starter: Record your current Heart Rate - then come to the front, hi 5
Miss/Sir then return to your seat. Measure your HR again!
Tricky
Complete the box in
the workbook on
heart rates
STARTER:
My resting heart rate is _______ BPM
After low intensity exercise (merely leaving my seat!) my HR is ________ BPM
HOT EXTENSION: My HR increased because…
______________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________
Trickier
Complete the box in
the workbook and
explain why your HR
increased. Apart
from blood and
oxygen delivery
what else does our
Cardiovascular
system do?
1.2.2: A healthy, active lifestyle and
your cardiovascular system
The Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart
(cardio), blood and the blood vessels (vascular)


The heart is a muscular pump (cardiac muscle!), which
pushes blood throughout the many blood vessels in the
body

Blood being pushed around has 2 main functions:
- to supply the body with oxygen & nutrients
- to remove waste products e.g. carbon dioxide

Blood vessels run throughout the body, allowing
blood to travel everywhere
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
There are three types of blood vessels, as shown in this magnified part of the
circulatory system.
blood from
the heart
blood to the
heart
vein
artery
carries blood
away from
the heart
carries blood
back into
the heart
carries blood to and
from the body’s cells
thick outer wall
thick inner layer of muscle and elastic
fibres
narrow central tube (lumen)
thin outer wall
ARTERY
thin inner layer of muscle and elastic
fibres
CAPILLARY
VEIN
wide central tube (lumen)
wall only one cell thick
When blood is flowing against gravity, or when a vein is squeezed by muscle action, there is
a risk that blood will flow in the wrong direction. Veins have valves to prevent backflow.
vein valve
open
blood to
the heart
The valves allow blood to
flow in the correct
direction…
backflow
prevented
vein valve
closed
…but close if blood starts to
flow in the wrong direction.
Comparing arteries and veins
ing arteries and veins
Arteries
Veins
Take blood away from the heart
Take blood to the heart
Walls are thick and elastic
Walls are thin
Transport oxygenated blood
Transports de-oxygenated blood
Has small lumen
Has large lumen
Has a pulse and blood travels
Has no pulse and blood travels
in spurts
smoothly
Has no valves
Has valves
What happens to the cardiovascular
system during exercise?
Immediate effects
TASK… (4min discussion – think – pair –
share!)
 What immediate effects do you think exercise
has upon the cardiovascular system?!

Higher Order Thinking…
 What happens and why do they happen?
 How can these immediate effects be measured?
Increased Heart Rate
Increased Heart Rate

Heart rate is the number of times the heart
Beats Per Minute (BPM)

Heart rate can vary considerably from person
to person, however the normal resting heart
rate is between 60-80 beats per minute

Exercise makes the body work harder. As a
result, the muscles require more oxygen and
more nutrients, such as glycogen, to function
properly
Increased Heart Rate

Oxygen and nutrients are carried to the
muscles by the blood. The heart has to
work faster to pump the blood around
the body, therefore the heart rate increases

To bring about a change in heart rate the
body releases adrenaline, which is the
main cause of changes in heart rate and
blood pressure. Adrenaline is a hormone
Key terms

Heart rate (pulse rate): the number of
times the heart beats per minute

Blood pressure: the force exerted by
circulating blood on the walls of the
blood vessels
The human heart is a pump!
Teacher note:

The next few slides are to be quickly scanned through
as they’re not essential to the unit spec… important
knowledge however 
Links to the respiratory system
Pathway of blood flow
Immediate effects of exercise on the
cardiovascular system
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Adrenaline released
Heart rate increases and contracts
more strongly
Breathing becomes faster and deeper
Body temperature increases
Blood pressure rises
Sweating starts and the body requires
replacement fluids
Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is the force exerted by
circulating blood on the wall of the
blood vessels. The heart makes two
beating sounds

Systole - made by the lower chambers
contracting and pushing blood at high
pressure into the arteries

Diastole - made by the upper chambers
contracting
Increased Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is the force exerted by
blood on the walls of the arteries

Blood pressure increases during
exercise because more blood is needed
to be pumped around the body,
increasing pressure on the blood vessels

A blood pressure metre is used to
measure systolic and diastolic blood
pressure
Systolic & Diastolic Pressure
Systolic & Diastolic Pressure

Systolic pressure - the maximum pressure in
the arteries when the heart contracts (beats)
and pushes blood out through the aorta into
the body

Diastolic pressure - the pressure of the
blood during the relaxation phase between
heart beats (when heart is at rest)

Pulse pressure - the difference between
systolic and diastolic pressures
Youtube support: http://www.mayoclinic.org/condition/high-blood-pressure/multimedia/what-is-bloodpressure/vid-20084747

A*/A
SELECT A TASK – aim high!
You are a Sports Scientist graduate and have been asked to write a report on the
immediate and short term effects of physical activity upon the CV system. Evaluate
the importance of the CV system and link this to the respiratory system.You must
write using correct terminology.

B
Compose the text for an NHS booklet. This booklet is designed to inform people of the
immediate and short term effects of exercise upon the CV system. Make reference to
blood pressure, the heart, heart rate and the different blood vessels.

C
Use bullet points to recall the key pieces of information from the lesson. What is
the CV system? What is it’s function? Why is it important? What are the
immediate and short term effects of exercise upon the CV system? What is blood
pressure? Use definitions to structure your answer.
Please copy down the date, title and learning outcome and complete the starter
The Cardiovascular System During Exercise
Were you able to achieve the target you set for yourself?
Learning Outcome:
A*/A I am now able to explain in detail the short and immediate effects
of exercise upon the cardiovascular system. I can make reference to
the respiratory system and how efficiency improves as a result of
regular exercise. I am confident when explaining blood pressure.
B I am now able to identify and begin to explain the immediate and short
term effects of exercise upon the CV system.
C I am now able to list the immediate and short term effects of exercise
on the body and give broad reasoning why these happens.