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GUIDE OF THE SUBJECT ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HUMAN BODY II Academic Year 2016-17 1. Course description...................................................................................................... 2 2. Background................................................................................................................ 2 3. Specific competences ................................................................................................. 2 4. General competences ............................................................................................... 2 5. Contents ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 6. Instructional activities ............................................................................................... 4 7. Teaching methodology ............................................................................................... 5 8. Ongoing assessment and specific rules..................................................................... 5 9. Text books ............................................................................................................. …..7 10. Timetable................................................................................................................... 7 11. Resources .................................................................................................................. 8 1 1. Course description Name of the subject: Anatomy and Physiology of the human body II Code: 9999001107 Grade: Dentistry Course: first course ECTS credits: 6 Normative prerequisite: Attendance to 50% of the lessons Number of hours: 70 Modality: in -class teaching Recommended prerequisites: General notions of biology of the human body, study habits, ability to synthesize, ability to integrate information, autonomy Name of the professor: Natalia Cuesta Rubio, Marta García de Lecea, Alicia María Hidalgo Estévez, Rosa María Pagán Marín, Francisco Suárez Castro Office hours: Mondays, 10:30 to 11:30 2. Background and competences of the subject Anatomy and Physiology are basic pillars of the Health Sciences. The present course is intended to offer students a specific knowledge of the different structures of the regions of the human body and the relationships between them, which is essential to understand the physiology and pathology of the human body. During the second part (Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body II), the student will acquire the necessary knowledge for their professional activity: cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary and endocrine systems will be reviewed. 3. Specific competences - To manage anatomical terms properly Macroscopic anatomy of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary and endocrine systems of the human body Physiological mechanisms involved in the contraction of the cardiac muscle fiber Basic knowledge of the physiology of pacemaker cells and myocardial contractile fibers Physiology of the respiratory system: ventilation and respiration Principal mechanisms involved in digestion Mechanisms of formation of concentrated and dilute urine Functions of the hypothalamus as a control center of nervous and endocrine systems 4. General competences - Proper oral and written communication Ability to work in a team Self-learning Work-planning and responsibility Critical reasoning 2 - Ability to integrate information: the basic subjects (biochemistry, genetics, biology, histology, physiology and anatomy) during the first year are not isolated disciplines. The student should be able to establish relationships between them and with the real world. 5. Contents 1. THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 1.1 Anatomy of the thorax 1.1.1. Definition 1.1.2. Thoracic cavity 1.2 Anatomy and Histology of the Heart 1.2.1. The heart 1.2.2 The blood vessels 1.3 Cardiovascular physiology 1.3.1 cardiac physiology 1.3.2 vascular physiology 2. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 2.1 Anatomy and histology of the respiratory system 2.1.1 Anatomy of the respiratory system 2.1.2 Branches of the respiratory system 2.1.3 Nose 2.1.4 Pharynx 2.1.5 Larynx 2.1.6 Trachea 2.1.7 Bronchi and lungs 2.1.8 Pleura 2.2 Physiology of the respiratory system 2.2.1 Functions of the respiratory system 2.2.2 Laws of gases 2.2.3 Pulmonar ventilation 2.2.4 Gas Exchange 2.2.5 Gas transport 2.2.6 Control of breathing 3. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 3.1 Anatomy and Histology of the digestive system 3.1.1 General anatomy of the digestive system and the abdominal cavity 3.1.2 Histology of the GI tract 3.1.3 Neural innervation of the GI tract 3 3.2 Functional and histological characteristics of the main components of the digestive system 3.2.1 Basic processes of the digestive system 3.2.2 Oral cavity and salivary glands 3.2.3 Pharynx, esophagus and deglutition 3.2.4 Stomach 3.2.5 Liver and gallbladder 3.2.6 Pancreas 3.2.7 Small intestine 3.2.8 Large intestine 3.2.9 Regulation of digestion 4. URINARY SYSTEM 4.1 Anatomy and Histology of the urinary system 4.1.1 Kidneys 4.1.2 Ureters 4.1.3 Urinary bladder 4.1.4 Urethra 4.2 Physiology of the urinary system 4.2.1 Mechanisms of urine formation 4.2.2 Glomerular filtration 4.2.3 Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion 4.2.4 Production of concentrated and dilute urine 5. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 5.1 General features 5.1.1 Introduction 5.1.2 Endocrine system and nervous system 5.1.3 Endocrine glands and tissues 5.1.4 Hormones: definition and function 5.1.5 Types of hormones 5.1.6 Hormone transport 5.1.7 Mechanisms of hormonal action 5.1.8 Regulation of hormonal secretion 5.2 Endocrine glands 5.2.1 Hypothalamus and pituitary gland 5.2.2 Thyroid gland 5.2.3 Parathyroid glands 5.2.4 Adrenal cortex 5.2.5 Endocrine pancreas 6. Instructional activities A. Lectures: the professor will give oral presentations in class, to teach students about relevant concepts of subject under study, and to help students to 4 understand and learn the more relevant concepts of the structure and function of the human body. B. Practical activities (flipped classroom): the students will make practical activities in order to apply their knowledge of the subject in an autonomous way. C. Laboratory Practices: Students will work individually or in groups in specific laboratories. The students will study the different tissues in the human body using anatomical models, tissue preparations and simulation programs (membrane potential simulation program). D. Problem-based learning applied to the integrated content of basic subjects: the students will be able to integrate information from different subjects through a clinical case that they need to solve in a team. They would have to elaborate their answers, and the debate about them will serve to reinforce the previous acquired knowledge. 7. Teaching methodology Lectures, flipped classroom, learning platform (Educlick), cooperative learning, and problem-based learning. 8. Ongoing assessment and specific rules ATTENDANCE According to the rules of evaluation of the European University of Madrid (Article 1, Section 4), 50% attendance to class is a mandatory condition to pass the subject in the first call. Attendance lower than 50% will automatically lead to a failing grade in the first call. In order for your attendance to be registered you need to use the appropriate device located next to the entrance of the class. Make sure you are rigorous in doing this daily. SPECIFIC RULES 1. The student will be evaluated throughout the semester with different types of activities which will assess their progress in acquiring and mastering the competences and content objectives of the course. The final grade will be calculated as follows: - 3 written tests: which will account for 70% of the final grade. - 3 active methodologies: 30% of the final grade (laboratory practices). In order to pass the course, the three written examinations and the average of the three active methodologies should be passed with a grade of 5 or above. The students may add a maximum of 0.5 points to the grade obtained in each written examination by performing well in the class activities (this possibility will be explained in detail in the class). If a student fails the first test, there will be a second opportunity to pass it during the second test. If a student fails the second test, there will be another opportunity during 5 the third test. If a student fails the third test, it will be retaken necessarily in the July call. The parts that do not reach the grade of 5 in the ordinary call will have to be retaken in the July call. In the second and third written tests, 10% of basic questions pertaining to the previous test will be included. - In summary, the three written tests will lead to three marks: st 1 Ex. 2nd Ex. 3rd Ex. Mark M1 Part I Part II (including 10% questions from Part I) Part III (including 10% questions from Part II) Mark + Part I (only if you failed the 1st exam) + Part II (only if you failed the 2nd exam) M2 M3 M1 M2 The relevance of each written test is as follows: 1st Exam 2nd Exam 3rd Exam Mark Relevance M1 30% of the final mark M2 35% of the final mark M3 35% of the final mark 3. Active methodologies: two laboratory practices (integrated activity about the cardiovascular system, integrated activity about the digestive system). All the activities are graded. The average of the two practices should be 5 or above. If the average is lower than 5, the student must retake all the practices in the July call. In the case that a student does not attend to a practical activity or to an exam, the absence should be appropriately justified. Only the following circumstances will apply: court appeal, serious illness (with the appropriate medical report), bereavement, and official sports competition. Medical certificates written in other language than English should be officially translated. The lack of justification within the following week of the absence will lead to a grade of 0 in the practice and a grade of NP in the written examination. In the case the absence has been justified, the professor will schedule another date for the practice. In multiple choice tests, the wrong questions will be penalized with: a. 5 choice tests: -0,25 points. b. 4 choice tests: -0,33 points. c. 3 choice tests: -0,5 points. d. 2 choice tests: -1 point. 6 The corresponding disciplinary measurements will be taken in the following cases: - Students are not permitted to bring any unauthorized portable electronic devices into the classroom. In the event that a student is found in possession of any of these devices (either switched on or off) during the course of an examination, the exam will be removed and the examination session will be failed with the grade of "0". - Unauthorized copy or recording of material provided by the Professor (image, voice, power point presentations…). - Any signs of disrespect (either physical or verbal) to the personnel of the University or to the other students. 9. Text books Silverthorn DU. "Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach”. 7th Edition. Pearson eds, 2016 Tortora GJ & Derrickson B. "Principles of Anatomy and Physiology”. 14th Edition. Wiley eds, 2014 Netter, FH. “Atlas of Human Anatomy: with Student Consult Access”. 6th Edition. Saunders Elsevier eds, 2014. Sobotta "Sobotta - Atlas of Human Anatomy”. 15th Edition. Elsevier eds, 2011 Stevens A, & Lowe J.S. “Human Histology: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access”. 4th Edition. Elsevier eds, 2015 10. Timetable WEEK 1-5 Aim: To recognize and describe the basic structures of the cardiovascular system. To understand the physiology of the cardiovascular system: cardiac output, arterial pressure, blood flow. To integrate concepts previously learned in Anatomy and Physiology I (sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of the cardiovascular system). Homework: To study the new concepts explained in class. To work with the other students in the team in order to prepare for the integrated activity of the cardiovascular system. To review the previously acquired knowledge for the preparation of the first midterm exam. WEEK 6-7 Aim: To know the structure, morphology and function of the respiratory system. To integrate concepts previously learned in Anatomy and Physiology I (sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of the respiratory system). Homework: To do the practical activities related with the subject proposed by the professor. To read the recommended bibliography. To study the new concepts seen in class. WEEK 8-11 Aim: To recognize and describe the basic structures of the digestive system. To understand the physiology of the digestive system: gastric emptying, chemical and mechanical digestion, absorption and secretion. To integrate the concepts previously learned. Homework: To do the practical activities related with the subject proposed by the professor. To study the new concepts explained in class. To review the previously acquired knowledge for the preparation of the second midterm exam. To work with the other students in the team in order to prepare for the integrated activity of the digestive system. 7 WEEK 12-15 Aim: To know the structure, morphology and function of the urinary system. To understand the physiology of the nephron. To do practical activities about it. Homework: To look up the recommended bibliography. To study the new concepts seen in class. WEEK 16-18 Aim: To know the structure, morphology and function of the endocrine nervous system, with special focus on the hypothalamus-hypophysis axis, thyroid and parathyroid glands, suprarenal glands, and endocrine pancreas. To do practical activities about it. Homework: To look up the recommended bibliography. To do activities related with the subject. To study the new concepts explained in class. To prepare for the third midterm exam. 11. Resources Laboratories of Anatomy (A047), Physiology (A046), Biochemistry (C203-205), and Dissecting Room (A057) Anatomical models Interactive whiteboard Virtual Campus (Blackboard) UPDATED September 2016 8