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GUIDE OF THE SUBJECT ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE
HUMAN BODY II
Academic Year 2016-17
1.
Course description...................................................................................................... 2
2.
Background................................................................................................................ 2
3.
Specific competences ................................................................................................. 2
4.
General competences ............................................................................................... 2
5.
Contents ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3
6.
Instructional activities ............................................................................................... 4
7.
Teaching methodology ............................................................................................... 5
8.
Ongoing assessment and specific rules..................................................................... 5
9.
Text books ............................................................................................................. …..7
10. Timetable................................................................................................................... 7
11. Resources .................................................................................................................. 8
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1. Course description
Name of the subject: Anatomy and Physiology of the human body II
Code: 9999001107
Grade: Dentistry
Course: first course
ECTS credits: 6
Normative
prerequisite:
Attendance to 50% of
the lessons
Number of hours: 70
Modality: in -class teaching
Recommended prerequisites:
General notions of biology of the human body, study
habits, ability to synthesize, ability to integrate
information, autonomy
Name of the professor: Natalia Cuesta Rubio, Marta García de Lecea, Alicia María
Hidalgo Estévez, Rosa María Pagán Marín, Francisco Suárez Castro
Office hours:
Mondays, 10:30 to 11:30
2. Background and competences of the subject
Anatomy and Physiology are basic pillars of the Health Sciences. The present course is
intended to offer students a specific knowledge of the different structures of the regions
of the human body and the relationships between them, which is essential to understand
the physiology and pathology of the human body.
During the second part (Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body II), the student
will acquire the necessary knowledge for their professional activity: cardiovascular,
respiratory, digestive, urinary and endocrine systems will be reviewed.
3. Specific competences
-
To manage anatomical terms properly
Macroscopic anatomy of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary and
endocrine systems of the human body
Physiological mechanisms involved in the contraction of the cardiac muscle
fiber
Basic knowledge of the physiology of pacemaker cells and myocardial
contractile fibers
Physiology of the respiratory system: ventilation and respiration
Principal mechanisms involved in digestion
Mechanisms of formation of concentrated and dilute urine
Functions of the hypothalamus as a control center of nervous and endocrine
systems
4. General competences
-
Proper oral and written communication
Ability to work in a team
Self-learning
Work-planning and responsibility
Critical reasoning
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-
Ability to integrate information: the basic subjects (biochemistry, genetics,
biology, histology, physiology and anatomy) during the first year are not
isolated disciplines. The student should be able to establish relationships
between them and with the real world.
5. Contents
1. THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
1.1 Anatomy of the thorax
1.1.1. Definition
1.1.2. Thoracic cavity
1.2 Anatomy and Histology of the Heart
1.2.1. The heart
1.2.2 The blood vessels
1.3 Cardiovascular physiology
1.3.1 cardiac physiology
1.3.2 vascular physiology
2. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
2.1 Anatomy and histology of the respiratory system
2.1.1 Anatomy of the respiratory system
2.1.2 Branches of the respiratory system
2.1.3 Nose
2.1.4 Pharynx
2.1.5 Larynx
2.1.6 Trachea
2.1.7 Bronchi and lungs
2.1.8 Pleura
2.2 Physiology of the respiratory system
2.2.1 Functions of the respiratory system
2.2.2 Laws of gases
2.2.3 Pulmonar ventilation
2.2.4 Gas Exchange
2.2.5 Gas transport
2.2.6 Control of breathing
3. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
3.1 Anatomy and Histology of the digestive system
3.1.1 General anatomy of the digestive system and the abdominal cavity
3.1.2 Histology of the GI tract
3.1.3 Neural innervation of the GI tract
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3.2 Functional and histological characteristics of the main components of the
digestive system
3.2.1 Basic processes of the digestive system
3.2.2 Oral cavity and salivary glands
3.2.3 Pharynx, esophagus and deglutition
3.2.4 Stomach
3.2.5 Liver and gallbladder
3.2.6 Pancreas
3.2.7 Small intestine
3.2.8 Large intestine
3.2.9 Regulation of digestion
4. URINARY SYSTEM
4.1 Anatomy and Histology of the urinary system
4.1.1 Kidneys
4.1.2 Ureters
4.1.3 Urinary bladder
4.1.4 Urethra
4.2 Physiology of the urinary system
4.2.1 Mechanisms of urine formation
4.2.2 Glomerular filtration
4.2.3 Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion
4.2.4 Production of concentrated and dilute urine
5. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
5.1 General features
5.1.1 Introduction
5.1.2 Endocrine system and nervous system
5.1.3 Endocrine glands and tissues
5.1.4 Hormones: definition and function
5.1.5 Types of hormones
5.1.6 Hormone transport
5.1.7 Mechanisms of hormonal action
5.1.8 Regulation of hormonal secretion
5.2 Endocrine glands
5.2.1 Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
5.2.2 Thyroid gland
5.2.3 Parathyroid glands
5.2.4 Adrenal cortex
5.2.5 Endocrine pancreas
6. Instructional activities
A. Lectures: the professor will give oral presentations in class, to teach students
about relevant concepts of subject under study, and to help students to
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understand and learn the more relevant concepts of the structure and function of
the human body.
B. Practical activities (flipped classroom): the students will make practical
activities in order to apply their knowledge of the subject in an autonomous way.
C. Laboratory Practices: Students will work individually or in groups in specific
laboratories. The students will study the different tissues in the human body
using anatomical models, tissue preparations and simulation programs
(membrane potential simulation program).
D. Problem-based learning applied to the integrated content of basic subjects: the
students will be able to integrate information from different subjects through a
clinical case that they need to solve in a team. They would have to elaborate
their answers, and the debate about them will serve to reinforce the previous
acquired knowledge.
7. Teaching methodology
Lectures, flipped classroom, learning platform (Educlick), cooperative learning, and
problem-based learning.
8. Ongoing assessment and specific rules
ATTENDANCE
According to the rules of evaluation of the European University of Madrid (Article 1,
Section 4), 50% attendance to class is a mandatory condition to pass the subject in the
first call. Attendance lower than 50% will automatically lead to a failing grade in the
first call.
In order for your attendance to be registered you need to use the appropriate device
located next to the entrance of the class. Make sure you are rigorous in doing this daily.
SPECIFIC RULES
1.
The student will be evaluated throughout the semester with different types of
activities which will assess their progress in acquiring and mastering the competences
and content objectives of the course. The final grade will be calculated as follows:
- 3 written tests: which will account for 70% of the final grade.
- 3 active methodologies: 30% of the final grade (laboratory practices).
In order to pass the course, the three written examinations and the average of the three
active methodologies should be passed with a grade of 5 or above. The students may
add a maximum of 0.5 points to the grade obtained in each written examination by
performing well in the class activities (this possibility will be explained in detail in the
class).
If a student fails the first test, there will be a second opportunity to pass it during the
second test. If a student fails the second test, there will be another opportunity during
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the third test. If a student fails the third test, it will be retaken necessarily in the July
call.
The parts that do not reach the grade of 5 in the ordinary call will have to be retaken in
the July call.
In the second and third written tests, 10% of basic questions pertaining to the previous
test will be included.
- In summary, the three written tests will lead to three marks:
st
1
Ex.
2nd
Ex.
3rd
Ex.
Mark
M1
Part I
Part II (including 10%
questions from Part I)
Part III (including 10%
questions from Part II)
Mark
+ Part I (only if you failed the 1st
exam)
+ Part II (only if you failed the
2nd exam)
M2
M3
M1
M2
The relevance of each written test is as follows:
1st Exam
2nd Exam
3rd Exam
Mark
Relevance
M1
30% of the final mark
M2
35% of the final mark
M3
35% of the final mark
3. Active methodologies: two laboratory practices (integrated activity about the
cardiovascular system, integrated activity about the digestive system). All the activities
are graded. The average of the two practices should be 5 or above. If the average is
lower than 5, the student must retake all the practices in the July call.
In the case that a student does not attend to a practical activity or to an exam, the absence
should be appropriately justified. Only the following circumstances will apply: court
appeal, serious illness (with the appropriate medical report), bereavement, and official
sports competition. Medical certificates written in other language than English should be
officially translated. The lack of justification within the following week of the absence
will lead to a grade of 0 in the practice and a grade of NP in the written examination. In
the case the absence has been justified, the professor will schedule another date for the
practice.
In multiple choice tests, the wrong questions will be penalized with:
a.
5 choice tests: -0,25 points.
b.
4 choice tests: -0,33 points.
c.
3 choice tests: -0,5 points.
d.
2 choice tests: -1 point.
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The corresponding disciplinary measurements will be taken in the following cases:
- Students are not permitted to bring any unauthorized portable electronic devices
into the classroom. In the event that a student is found in possession of any of
these devices (either switched on or off) during the course of an examination, the
exam will be removed and the examination session will be failed with the grade
of "0".
- Unauthorized copy or recording of material provided by the Professor (image,
voice, power point presentations…).
- Any signs of disrespect (either physical or verbal) to the personnel of the
University or to the other students.
9. Text books
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
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Silverthorn DU. "Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach”. 7th
Edition. Pearson eds, 2016
Tortora GJ & Derrickson B. "Principles of Anatomy and Physiology”. 14th
Edition. Wiley eds, 2014
Netter, FH. “Atlas of Human Anatomy: with Student Consult Access”. 6th
Edition. Saunders Elsevier eds, 2014.
Sobotta "Sobotta - Atlas of Human Anatomy”. 15th Edition. Elsevier eds, 2011
Stevens A, & Lowe J.S. “Human Histology: With STUDENT CONSULT
Online Access”. 4th Edition. Elsevier eds, 2015
10. Timetable
WEEK 1-5
Aim: To recognize and describe the basic structures of the cardiovascular system. To
understand the physiology of the cardiovascular system: cardiac output, arterial pressure,
blood flow. To integrate concepts previously learned in Anatomy and Physiology I
(sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of the cardiovascular system).
Homework: To study the new concepts explained in class. To work with the other students in
the team in order to prepare for the integrated activity of the cardiovascular system. To
review the previously acquired knowledge for the preparation of the first midterm exam.
WEEK 6-7
Aim: To know the structure, morphology and function of the respiratory system. To integrate
concepts previously learned in Anatomy and Physiology I (sympathetic and parasympathetic
regulation of the respiratory system).
Homework: To do the practical activities related with the subject proposed by the professor.
To read the recommended bibliography. To study the new concepts seen in class.
WEEK 8-11
Aim: To recognize and describe the basic structures of the digestive system. To understand
the physiology of the digestive system: gastric emptying, chemical and mechanical digestion,
absorption and secretion. To integrate the concepts previously learned.
Homework: To do the practical activities related with the subject proposed by the professor.
To study the new concepts explained in class. To review the previously acquired knowledge
for the preparation of the second midterm exam. To work with the other students in the team
in order to prepare for the integrated activity of the digestive system.
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WEEK 12-15
Aim: To know the structure, morphology and function of the urinary system. To understand
the physiology of the nephron. To do practical activities about it.
Homework: To look up the recommended bibliography. To study the new concepts seen in
class.
WEEK 16-18
Aim: To know the structure, morphology and function of the endocrine nervous system, with
special focus on the hypothalamus-hypophysis axis, thyroid and parathyroid glands,
suprarenal glands, and endocrine pancreas. To do practical activities about it.
Homework: To look up the recommended bibliography. To do activities related with the
subject. To study the new concepts explained in class. To prepare for the third midterm exam.
11. Resources
Laboratories of Anatomy (A047), Physiology (A046), Biochemistry (C203-205),
and Dissecting Room (A057)
Anatomical models
Interactive whiteboard
Virtual Campus (Blackboard)
UPDATED
September 2016
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