Download Key words: 1. Muscle: A collection of fibres that can contract and

How do muscles help us breathe?
• Muscles around the lungs help
us to breathe by changing the
volume of the lungs
• When we inhale, the diaphragm
and intercostal muscles all
contract. This gives the lungs
more volume, so air moves in.
• When we exhale, the diaphragm
and intercostal muscles all
relax. This lowers the volume of
the lungs, so air moves out.
How is blood made?
• Blood is made of four
main parts: Red and
white blood cells,
platelets and plasma.
• These are produced in
bones
• Specifically, in a type of
tissue found in bones
called bone marrow.
How are muscles and bones
connected?
•
•
•
•
Muscles are attached to
bones by tendons
Tendons cannot stretch like
muscles can, so when a
muscle contracts the tendon
moves the bone
Bones are connected to
other bones by another type
of tissue called a ligament
These provide structure and
support to the skeleton
How do Bones fit together?
• Bones fit together to form a skeleton
• The skeleton provides support to the body
• It also protects the internal organs
• The rib cage protects the lungs and heart
• Joints are places where bones meet each other, and allow
movement
• Examples include hinge and ball and socket joints
• Joints contain cartilage and synovial fluid for lubrication
Key words:
1. Muscle: A collection of fibres that can contract and become
smaller, moving bones
2. Bone: Made of a strong protein called collagen, and calcium. Very
strong
3. Skeleton: A collection of bones used to provide support and
protection to organs
4. Contract: To get shorter and fatter, using energy
5. Relax: To stay the same size, not using energy
6. Antagonistic Pair: A pair of muscles that perform opposite actions
to move a bone
7. Heart: A special muscular organ that pumps blood.
8. Blood: A fluid that moves round the body carrying important
molecules.
9. Bone Marrow: A tissue in bones that makes blood.
10. Tendon: A connection between a muscle and a bone.
11. Ligament: A connection between a bone and a bone.
What are muscles used for?
•
Muscles allow the body to move
around by contracting
•
Contracting means that the
muscle gets shorter and fatter.
•
Contracting requires energy, so
muscle cells do a lot of
respiration to provide this
energy
How do Antagonistic Pairs work?
1. Muscles always work in pairs, called antagonistic pairs.
2. Antagonistic means that when one muscle is doing an action, the other is doing the opposite.
3. So, when one muscle contracts, the other will relax.
4. An example of this is the bicep and tricep.
5. When the bicep contracts, the tricep relaxes. This allows the lower arm to be pulled upwards.
6. When the bicep stops contracting and begins to relax, the tricep can then contract. This
pulls the lower arm back down again.