Download Western Powers Rule - Livingston Public Schools

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TERMS AND NAMES
Western Powers Rule
Southeast Asia
BEFORE YOU READ
Pacific Rim Southeast Asian
mainland and islands along the rim of
the Pacific 0cean
King Mongkut King who helPed Siam
mod ernize
Emilio Aguinaldo Leader'of Filipino
n ationhlists
annexation Adding of territory
ln the last section, you saw how the lndians reacted
to imperialism.
ln this section, you will read about imperialism in
0ueen Liliuokalani Last Hawaiian
ruler of Hiwaii
Southeast Asia.
ES YOU REIID
Use the web below
to show the various lands controlled
by each Western nation'
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Western Rivalries for Pacific
Rim LandS ipages 326-327)
Which Western Powers grabbed
land ut Southeasf Asia?
European nations also grabbed land in the Paciffc
RimiSoutheast Asia and the islands on t1le edge of
the Pacific Ocean. The lands of Southeast Asia
were perfect for plantation agriculture' Sugar, coffee, cocoa, rubber, coconuts, bananas, and pineap-
'ples were important Products.
The Dutch controlled Indonesia' Many of the
Dutch who moved to Indonesia thought of
their home. They set up a class system
that kept the Dutch at the top' Wealthy and edu-
Indonesia
as
cated Indonesians came next' Plantation workers
were at the bottom' The Dutch forced.farmers to
use one-fifth of their land for export crops'
The Brjtish took tlie port of Singapore plus
Malaysia and Burma (modern Myanmqr)' They
used Singapore as a base for trade' It became one
of the worlds busiest ports. The British encouraged the Chinese to nr-ove to Malaysia' The
Malaysians have become a minority in their own
Tendion between the Malap and the
"orrriry.
Chinese remains to this day'
France grabbed Indochina (modern Laos,
Cambodia, and Vletnam). The French ruled
indochina directly and tried to push French culture on the Indochinese. The French did not
Cnarrnn 11 " Tnn Acr or lurnmallsu 123
a major crop. U,5, AeqUircS PaCiflC trSlandS
encourage indusiry. Rice became
Althoug[ the Vietnamese grew more dce than lpages tZB-329\
before,"they ate less of it trecause so muchrice.was What
did the {]nited
stage
sent out of the region' This problem set tJre
Sf;i;; aCqUlfe?
'andS
for
'- Vietnamese resistance to French rule'of modefn
In the late 1800s, the United States also began to
C;1""*lism brought some features
the spanish'Amerigan war in
Iife to these regions' iut economic change benefir seek colonies' After
so 1898, t]re United States took control of Puerto
ed Europeans more than the local peop[. Even
,;"rr";u"i, health, and sanitatio' *"'" improvgd' Rico, Guam' and'the Philippine Islands'
of Fihpino nationalists led by Emilio Aguinaldo
;;;";it
f".pr" migrated to new ,"glo,s
always fought'against the Americans for their fieedom"
southeast Asia' The *#of cultures &9 n:l
between The" u,,]t"d States de.feated the rebels b3t
go so smoothly. Even today, So-me conflict
1.
Whatmaiorproblemsdidcoionialismbring?,
;ftil;;;;;il.
American businessmen grew weialthy from
to
sugar plantations in Hawaii' But they wanted
*ik" .,r"." money. They also asked for the alnex-
,ation,oraddition,ofHawaiitotheUnitedStates.
way they would get more money when,t}ey
busisold suga. in the United States' The American
had a great deal of power,in Hawaii' ,
ifr"
,"rr**
Liliuokalani tried to
In the' ls9ds' Queen
nc Lrdanandal
lndependencerlBain
Siam Maintains
control of her country for Hawaiian'people'
(page 328)
. ,1 The American businessmen overthrew her' They
IIow did imperialism affect Siam'/ ;;i;;; ;"uu". r" 1BeB, it became a territory
inde of the united states'
one land-siarn (modern Thailand)-stayed
lands
3. What happened in the Ptrilippines?
f""a*1' .St*t:,:..t"*ounded by
B 3}ilj5
ilre French and British' The French and
Siamese
not want the other to control Siam' The
one
kings played the French and British against
*rroth", to remain free of both nations'
Ki+g Mongkut and his son modernized Siam'
government'
They sto:rted schools and reformed the
iir"y Jt" built railroads and telegraph lines and
little
shvery. These changes happened with
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social turmoil.
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How did Siam conlront imperialism?
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TERMS AND NAMES
China Responds to
Pressure from the West
0pium War War between Britain and
China over the opium trade
extraterritorial rights Rights of
foreign residents to follow the laws
of their own government'ratherthan
those ofthe host country
TaipinU Rebellion Rebellion against
the 0ing Dynasty
BETORE VOU READ
sphere of influence Area in which
a foreign nation controls trade and
ln the last section, you read about lmperialism in Asia.
ln this section, you will see how China dealt with
foreign influence.
investment
0pen Door P.olicy Policy proposed by
the United States giving all nations
equal opportdnities to trade in China
AS YOU READ
Use
-
the chlrt'beloW to take notes on events that occurrpd
rn Lnrna.
China Resists Foreign lnfluence
{pages 335-336}
Was China able to resist
foreign influence?
In the late 1700s, China had a strong farming economy based on growing rice. Other croPs, such as
peanuts, helped to feed its large population. The
Chinese made silk, cotton, and ceramics. Mines
produced salt, un, silver, and iron. China needed.
nothing frorn the outside world.
China limited its trade with European powers'
A11 goods shipped to China had to come through
one port. Britain bought so much Chinese tea that
it was eager to find something that the Chinese
Boxer Bebellion Rebellion aimed at
ending foreign influence in'China
would want in large quantities. In the early 1800s,
the British began shipping opium, a dangerous
drug, to China. The opium came mostly from
India. The Chinese tried to make the British stop.
As a result of the Opium War that followed,
the British took possession of Hong Kong. Later,
the United States and European nations won
extraterritorial rights and the right to trade in
five ports. The Chinese.resented these treaties but
could not stop thern.
1.
Cneprnn
What happened as a resull of the 0pium War?
12
TnANSFoRMATIoNs Anouuo
rlrr
GLosB 127
lnternal PrOblerns InereES€ (page
What problems did Chna face?
337)
populaChina had intemal problems as well' The
light
Uo, hud grown q,rickly' When rains w-ere too
govor too h"u"y, *i[lot t starved' The Chinese
solve its
ernment *"s *""k and too colrupt to
problems.
His
A leader arose who hoped to save China'
Taipinq
name was Hong Xiuquan, and he led the
joinedpeasants
n"b"lliorr. tvto"re than one million
The rebels won control of large parts of
il;;t*y.
to pu;i
tile souih. The government needed 14 years
;; tiri, ."beilion. The fighting destroyed much
died'
farmland. At least 20 million people
2,
What was the TaiPing Bebellion?
a colony or group
of colonies, China was domi'nat'
ed by foreign powers'
3.
How did lbreigners begin to gain control
over Ghina?
Chinese Nationalism Gnrws
(pages 338-339)
Wiat
actiorts resulted from
gfoWtttg natjonalism?
Humiliated by their loss of power, many Chinese
wanted strong reforrns' In 1898, ' the young
in
Emperor Guangrq, Cixi's nephew, tried to put
place broader reforms.
'
Crnrurratiaes didn't like this' The retired
E*;;";; irli rrr* arrested and she took'tack
of the government' China had lost
China Wrestles
wlth Reform
{pages 337-338)
official attstude
toward reform?
What
wAS the
In &e late 1800s, a number of young emperors'
It
ruled China' But they ruled in name only' Y.ut.
Cixi who controlled the country' She
civil service'
sopported a few reforms in education'
*"-n*pr*rs
and the military'
In the late 1800s, each of the European Powers
in China' A
and Japan won a sphere of influence
rr#J of inflrrenJ* is a region in which a foreign
nation controls trade and investment'
The United States opposed these spheres
of
Door
influence. Americans urged an Open
access la
Policy, in which all powers had equal
poimarkets. The-Europeans agreed' This
not
as
it
icy did not help China, howeve.r' Although
Chi";*
a chance
"onirol
for reform.
formed
- Srime Chinese peasants and workers
&e Society of Harmonious Fists, known as' the
g*"*. Theywanted to get rid of all Wesfrn rnfl1had acceptence. That included any Chinese who
At the
ed Western culture o, ti'" Christi'an religion'
Boxers
,on of afr" Boxer Rebellion in early 1900'
,orrotrrd"d Beijings European section' After
**ny *""kr, th"y wer* dtiuett out by a multi'na'
tional armY.
But
Cixi nnally began to pllow major reforms,bJly' In 1908, the court said ihat
"u*"
"hrrrg"would
become a constituti'onol rutn'arclty by
Chin"a
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4.
What was the Boxer Rebellion?
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TERMS AND NAMES
'Treaty ol Kanagawa Treaty between
the United States and Japan opening
trade between the two nations
Jrprn, Moderniilas
Meiji era Period of rule by Emperor
Mutsuhito from 1867 to 1912
BEFORE YOU READ
Busso-Japanese War War between
Russia and Japan fought in 1904
ln the last section, you read about foreign influence
in China.
annexation Adding of territory
ln this section, you will learn about the steps taken
by Japan to modernize.
AS YOU REAI'
Use the chart below
to take notes on how Japan's power
increased at home and abroad
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Japan Ends lts lsolation
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How did isolation end
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{paged 340-342)
in Japan?
tr'rom the early 1600s to the mid-l800s, Japan trad-
d
c
ed wlth China and the Dutch and had diplomatic
o
contact with Korea, But beyond that, Japari was
largely isolated. British, French, Russian, and
American officials tried to convince the Japanese to
open up. But the Japanese repeatedly refused.
That situation changed in 1853 when American
steamships with cannons entered Japanese waters.
The r-rext year, Japan and the United States signed
the Treaty of Kanagawa. It agreed to open ]apan
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]apan
made similar deals with European nations
Many Japanese were upset with the shogun, the
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to trade with America. Soqn afterwards,
military dictator, who had agreed to these new
treaties. The Emperor Mutsuhito got th'eir support
and managed to overthrow the shogun. For the
first time in centuries, the emperor ruled Japan
dir,ectly. He reigned tor 45 years, from 1867 to
1912. This period is called the Meiji era. The'
name Meiii. means "enlightened ruIe."
The emperor wanted to modernize Japan. He
sent government officials to Europe and the
United. States. Frpm what they saw, they shaped a
new Japan. They modeled the government after
Cneprnn
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TBANsFoRN{Airous AnouND THE
Gross 129
the strong central goverument of Germany. They
patterned the army after Germany's and the nary
after Britaini. They adapted the American qystem
of schooling for all children.
The emperor also supported changes to Japant
economy.,The country mined coal and built railroads and factories. In just a few years, Japan's
economy was as modern as any in tle world.
1.
,
What steps did Mutsuhlto iake to
modernize Japan?
China out of Korea and gained Taiwan and some
qther islands 4s new colonies. In 1904, Japan and
Rrissia , fqught the. RusseJapanese War over
China's Manchurian territory. Japan sulprised the
world by defeating a larger power that was sr,,pposed to be stronger,
The next year, Japan atta'cked Korea. In 1905,
Jup* made Korea a protectorate. Japanese of{icials took more and more power away from the
Korean government. The Koiean hng was unable
to get help for his government from other countries. By l9tr0, Japan achieved annexbtion of
i',
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I
The Japanese were harsh rrriers. They shut
down Korean newspapers. They allowed only
Japanese history and language to be taught. They
took land ,from Korean farmers and gave
it to
.lapanese lmperialism Grows
]apanqse only. KoreanS were not allowed to start
new businesses. Koreans resented these actions.
They began a nation'alist movement and protested
(pages 342-343)
against Japanese rule.
Hor^r did Japan
influence
n
2.
increase its
Asia?
tlow did Japan expand its empire to Korea?
j.
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By 1890, Japan had the'strongest rnilitary in Asia. It
asked foreigners to give up their special rights in
J?p*. The European nations agreed. ]apan felt
equal to the Western nations.
]apan became more imperialistic as its power
grew. When China broke an agreement not to send
armies into Korea, Japan went to war.
It
drove
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