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Astronomy Humble ISD Curriculum Year-At-A-Glance • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Enduring Understandings What students will learn: The relationship between Earth’s tilt and the seasons. Constellations Kepler’s Laws and how they affect orbits The scale of the solar system, galaxy, and universe The contributions of ancient civilizations to astronomy The evidence of the modern view of the cosmos Different areas of the electromagnetic spectrum. How the Moon was formed, How the Moon affects tides The composition of the planets in our solar system How the solar system formed Why we search for life in the universe The dangers that asteroids and comets pose to Earth How nuclear fusion powers the Sun The life-cycle of a star using the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram Why iron is “poison” to a star The classes of black holes The overall shape of the Milky Way The difference between open and globular clusters The different shapes of galaxies The contributions of influential astronomers The relationship between density of matter and the fate of the universe The origins of space exploration Humble ISD Biology Mission: An introductory survey of astronomy covering topics about the solar system, galaxies, evolution of the cosmos, and the history and methods used to explore these phenomena. Bundle1 Bundle 2 Bundle 3 Bundle 4 (8 Weeks) (17 Weeks) (6 Weeks) (7 Weeks) The Sun The Milky Way Stars and their Life Cycles Galaxies Black Holes and Pulsars Cosmology The Solar System Nature of Science Earth’s Geosphere The Sky Earth’s Atmosphere Earth’s Moon Our Place in Space Mercury and Venus Astronomy and Civilization Mars Space Exploration Gas Giants The Modern View Dwarf and Minor Planets The Electromagnetic Spectrum Scientific process skills such as experimental design, drawing conclusions, measurement, and models will be taught and assessed within content bundles. Year at a Glance Knowledge and Skills What student will do in the classroom and beyond: • Research and describe the use of astronomy in ancient civilizations. • Research and describe the contributions of scientists to our changing understanding of astronomy. • Describe and explain the historical origins of the perceived patterns of constellations and the role of constellations in ancient and modern navigation. • Explain the contributions of modern astronomy to today's society, including the identification of potential asteroid/comet impact hazards and the Sun's effects on communication, navigation, and high-tech devices. • Observe and record the apparent movement of the Sun and Moon during the day. • Observe and record the apparent movement of the Moon, planets, and stars in the nighttime sky. • Recognize and identify constellations such as Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Orion, Cassiopeia, and constellations of the zodiac. • Compare and contrast the scale, size, and distance of the Sun, Earth, and Moon system through the use of data and modeling. • Compare and contrast the scale, size, and distance of objects in the solar system. • Examine the scale, size, and distance of the stars, Milky Way, and other galaxies through the use of data and modeling. • Relate apparent versus absolute magnitude to the distances of celestial objects. • Demonstrate the use of units of measurement in astronomy. • Observe and record data about lunar phases and use that information to model the Sun, Earth, and Moon system. • Illustrate the cause of lunar phases by showing positions of the Moon relative to Earth and the Sun for each phase. • Identify and differentiate the causes of lunar and solar eclipses. • Identify the effects of the Moon on tides. • Recognize that seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth's axis. • Explain how latitudinal position affects the length of day and night throughout the year. • Recognize that the angle of incidence of sunlight determines the concentration of solar energy received on Earth at a particular location. • Examine the relationship of the seasons to equinoxes, solstices, the tropics, and the equator. • Compare and contrast the factors essential to life on Earth. • Compare the planets in terms of orbit, size, composition, rotation, atmosphere, natural satellites, and geological activity. • Relate the role of Newton's law of universal gravitation to the motion of the planets around the Sun and to the motion of natural and artificial satellites around the planets. • Explore the origins and significance of small solar system bodies. • Identify the approximate mass, size, motion, temperature, structure, and composition of the Sun. • Distinguish between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission, and identify the source of energy within the Sun as nuclear fusion of hydrogen to helium. • Describe the eleven-year solar cycle and the significance of sunspots. • Analyze solar magnetic storm activity, including coronal mass ejections, prominences, flares, and sunspots. • Identify the characteristics of main sequence stars. • Characterize star formation in stellar nurseries from giant molecular clouds, to protostars, to the development of main sequence stars. • Evaluate the relationship between mass and fusion on the dying process and properties of stars. • Differentiate among the end states of stars. • Relate the use of spectroscopy in obtaining physical data on celestial objects. • Use the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram to plot and examine the life cycle of stars from birth to death. • Recognize the type, structure, and components of our Milky Way galaxy and location of our solar system within it. • Compare and contrast the different types of galaxies, including spiral, elliptical, irregular, and dwarf. • Research and describe the historical development of the Big Bang Theory. • Research and describe current theories of the evolution of the universe. • Research and describe scientific hypotheses of the fate of the universe. • Identify and explain the contributions of human space flight and future plans and challenges. • Recognize the advancement of knowledge in astronomy through robotic space flight. • Analyze the importance of ground-based technology in astronomical studies. • Recognize the importance of space telescopes to the collection of astronomical data across the electromagnetic spectrum. • Demonstrate an awareness of new developments and discoveries in astronomy. Rev 10/12