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Name: ______________ Date: ______________ Block: _______ Hinduism Sanatana Dharma - The Eternal Religion Origins of Hinduism One of the ____________________________religions of humanity No one is really sure who founded it The roots of Hinduism can be found around ______________ BCE Hinduism gave birth to Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism Today it is the main religion of people living in India (about _______% in 2001) What are the Sacred Texts? Four _______________________________(“truth”) – myths, rituals, chants The Rig Veda is the oldest of the four Many Important Epics (or ______________________________________) What do Hindus Believe? One impersonal Ultimate Reality – _________________________________ Manifest as many personal deities True essence of life – Atman, ________________________, is Brahman trapped in matter (“That art thou”) Reincarnation – Atman is continually born into this world lifetime after lifetime (____________________________________) Karma – spiritual impurity due to actions keeps us bound to this world (good and bad) Ultimate goal of life – to release ____________________ and reunite with the divine, becoming as one with Brahman (Moksha) There are a variety of ways to achieve moksha, but many Hindus believe dedication to a particular deity is the most powerful, along with getting good karma Tolerance and diversity: "Truth is one, paths are many“ Dharma –This is the code of ethics for achieving good karma. The trick is that it is different for each person in their life ______________________________ Ahisma – ___________________________________in thought, word or deed How does Hinduism Direct Life in this World? Respect for all life – ________________________________ Human life as supreme: Four stages of life – student, householder, retired, renunciant Four duties of life – pleasure, success, social responsibilities, religious responsibilities (moksha) Four “stations” of life (__________________________________________) Brahmins - priests, _______________________________and rulers Kshatriyas - nobles & _____________________________ Vaishyas – ______________________________________ and farmers Shudras - _______________________________________ The_____________________________________________ (Dalits) are so low in the caste system they don’t even get on the list. They are believed to contaminate anything or anyone with whom they come in contact, and therefore have no rights or privileges. Mahatma Gandi _________________________ Significant Hindu leader who inspired great social change and religious peace with his non-violent protests One of his main methods was _________________________________ He was assassinated at age 78 What Are the Spiritual Practices of Hinduism? The Four Yogas - seeking union with the divine: _________________________Yoga – the path of action through selfless service (releases built up karma without building up new karma) _________________________Yoga – the path of knowledge (understanding the true nature of reality and the self) _________________________ Yoga – the path of meditation _________________________Yoga – the path of devotion Guru – a spiritual teacher, especially helpful for Jnana and Raja yoga How do Hindus Worship? Bhakti Yoga is seeking union with the divine through loving devotion to manifest deities • In the home (household shrines) • In the Temples (priests officiate) ______________ – making offerings to and decorating the deity images ______________ – “seeing” the deity (not idol worship) ______________ – taking the divine within your own being through eating of food shared with the deity Who do Hindus Worhsip? * Brahma, the _____________________________ god * Most people do not worship Brahma as their god of choice. There are a few possible reasons for this, but mainly it is because his job in the world is complete. * Vishnu, the ______________________________ god * Incarnates as ten avatars (descents) including: - Rama (featured in the Ramayana) - Krishna (featured in the Mahabharata) * Shiva, god of constructive _______________________________ (the transformer) * Appears as Shiva Nataraj, lord of the dance of creation, and with his wife, Parvati, and son Ganesha (the elephant headed remover of obstacles) What About the Goddesses? (______________________– the feminine divine) * _____________________________, goddess of wisdom, consort of Brahma * _____________________________, goddess of good fortune, consort of Vishnu * _____________________________, divine mother, wife of Shiva * _____________________________, protectress * _____________________________, destroyer of demons * All these deities are but Manifest forms (attributes and functions) of the impersonal Brahman * And we too are manifest forms of God! *“We are not human beings having spiritual experiences; We are spiritual beings having a human experience!” * “____________________________________________________” * Hinduism is about recognizing the all pervasiveness of the divine What’s with the Cows? Cows__________________________________life that can never be killed To kill a cow is equal to killing ____________________________________ They are not worshipped, simply respected Though there is a special festival one day of the year, normally cows can be found wandering towns freely, and are often neglected. Key Terms Brahman Atman Samara Moksha Karma Dharma Gandi Fasting Brahma Vishnu Shiva Ahisma Caste System Four Vedas Rig Veda Symbol of the Cow