Download Name_______________________________________DUE Friday

Name_______________________________________DUE Friday May 24
Read Chapter 18, Sec 1, Rebuilding the Union pages 570 ­575
Answer questions on page 575 # 1, 3­6
1. Terms and Names:
● Radical Republican­ Congressman who favored using federal power to rebuild the
South and promote African­American rights.
● Reconstruction­ period from 1865­1877 in which the U.S. government attempted to
rebuild Southern society and governments.
● Freedman’s Bureau­ federal agency set up to help former enslaved people.
● Andrew Johnson­ Democrat who became president after Lincoln was assassinated.
● black codes­ laws that limited the freedom of former enslaved people.
● Fourteenth Amendment­ constitutional amendment that made all people born in the
U.S. (including former slaves) citizens.
● scalawag­ white Southerner who supported Radical Reconstruction.
● carpetbagger­ Northerner who went to the South after the Civil War to participate in
Reconstruction.
3. How did President Andrew Johnson treat the South during Reconstruction?
He believed the president (not Congress) should be in charge of Reconstruction.
He believed in an “easy peace” and quick reunion with the South.
He made the South ratify the 13th Amendment and recognize the authority of the federal
government (pledge loyalty to the U.S. government).
But.....
He gave amnesty and returned property to white Southerners.
Johnson did not attempt to help the formerly enslaved people of the South (for example, no
land given to them, no guaranteed voting rights, no guaranteed equal protection under the
law).
4. Why did Congress decide to take a larger role in Reconstruction?
President Lincoln was assassinated in April of 1865 and Andrew Johnson became
president. During that summer and fall, the former Confederate states held elections and
prepared to send representatives to Congress; they also began passing many laws known
as “black codes”.
Congress did not meet for 8 months­­ until December 1865.
Many Northern representatives were outraged that former Confederate government
leaders and generals were among the newly elected representatives that showed up in
Washington to start serving their terms. They quickly voted to not recognize these Southern
representatives.
There followed a series of confrontations between President Johnson and the
Republican­led Congress:
Civil Rights Act of 1866­­
said all people born in the
U.S. were citizens.
14th Amendment­ would
guarantee citizenship to all
people born or naturalized
in the U.S.; had full rights;
equal protection of laws.
Johnson’s Response
VETO
Refused to support (as did
all Southern states except
Tennessee).
Congress’ Response
Voted to override his veto­­ Outraged. Was able to
it became a law.
pass the amendment
anyway.
This helped lead to what
became known as Radical
Reconstruction.
5. What conditions did the Southern states meet in order to rejoin the Union?
They had to approve constitutions that gave the vote to African Americans and ratify the
14th Amendment.
6. How were the black codes similar to the old slave codes?
Both sets of laws heavily limited the freedoms of African Americans.