Download AIR The Cold War Review 2016

AIRReviewColdWar
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TheColdWar(1945–1991)–Theatomicbombwillshiftthebalanceofpowerandcreatetwosuperpowers.The
SovietUnionwillcreatetheIronCurtaininEasternEurope.ThiscreatesanotherRedScareledbySenator
McCarthyknownasMcCarthyism.McCarthyismwillreduceAmericanrightsandincreaseColdWarfearsinthe
U.S.ThenewU.S.foreignpolicywillbecontainment,stoppingthespreadofcommunism.ThiswillleadtoU.S.
warsinKoreaandVietnam.TheColdWarwillendwiththefallofcommunisminEasternEuropeandSoviet
Union.
Circletheletterthatisthecorrectanswer.
1.IntheUnitedNationsCharter,membernationspledgeto“uniteourstrengthtomaintaininternationalpeaceand
security.”SinceratificationofitscharterfollowingWorldWarII,theprimarygoaloftheUnitedNationshasbeen
to:
A.restoreworldtradedisruptedbyWorldWarII.
B.encourageindustrialgrowthbegunduringWorldWarII.
C.establishpoliciestohelpnationspayWorldWarIIdebts.
D.interveneinworldconflictstopreventanotherwarsuchasWorldWarII.
2.Whowasinchargeofinvestigatingclaimsofcommunistactivityinthegovernment,armedforces,universities,
andotherareasofAmericanlifeduringtheSecondRedScareinthelate1940sandearly1950s?
A)EthelandJuliusRosenberg
B)WhittakerChambersandAlgerHiss
C)HouseUn-AmericanActivitiesCommittee
D)SenateCommitteeonHomelandSecurityandGovernmentAffairs
3.BeginningwiththeRedScareofthe1920s,whichhistoricaldevelopmentcontributedtoarecurringpatternof
anti-communismintheUnitedStates?
A.AccusationsmadebySenatorJosephMcCarthyinCongress.
B.GrowingeconomicprosperityfollowingWorldWarII.
C.IncreasedunemploymentduringtheGreatDepression.
D.MigrationfromtheGreatPlainsduringtheDustBowl.
4.OnMarch12,1947,PresidentTrumanaddressedajointsessionofCongresstorecommendthattheUnited
StatesprovideeconomicassistancetoGreeceandTurkey.Hisreasonswereasfollows:Theseedsoftotalitarian
regimesarenurturedbymiseryandwant.Theyspreadandgrowintheevilsoilofpovertyandstrife.…Thefree
peoplesoftheworldlooktousforsupportinmaintainingtheirfreedoms.Ifwefalterinourleadership,wemay
endangerthepeaceoftheworld—andweshallsurelyendangerthewelfareofourownNation.PresidentHarryS.
Truman,addresstoCongress,March12,1947
Thisstatementwouldbehelpfulinsupportingthethesisthat,in1947,PresidentTrumanbelievedtheUnited
States:
A.hadlittletogainfrommembershipintheUnitedNations.
B.wasmoreinterestedinforeignpolicythanindomesticissues.
C.shouldhelpmaintaindemocraticgovernmentsinothercountries.
D.shouldconserveitsresourcestomaintainitsowneconomicstrength
5.TheuseofatomicweaponsattheendofWorldWarIIfosteredfearsabouttheirpotentialuseduringthe
ColdWaryears.ThesefearswerecriticalindeterminingtheU.S.responseto:
A.theMarshallPlan.
B.theBerlinBlockade.
C.theCubanMissileCrisis.
D.theindependencemovementinIndia.
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6.OneformofcivildisobediencepracticedbycollegestudentsduringtheVietnamWarwastheburningofdraft
cards.Howweredraftcardburningsdifferentfromotherformsofprotestsuchasorganizingmarchesand
publishingundergroundnewspapers?
A.Draftcardburningsweredirectviolationsofalawperceivedtobeunjust.
B.DraftcardburningswereprotectedundertheFirstAmendmentoftheConstitution.
C.Draftcardburningswereusedtoencourageyoungmentovolunteerformilitarydutyratherthanbedrafted.
D.DraftcardburningswereacontinuationofprotestmethodsbegunbytheKuKluxKlaninthe1960s.
7.IntheyearsfollowingWorldWarII,thecountriesofcommunistEasternEuropewereoftenreferredtoasbeing
“behindtheironcurtain.”Thesecountrieswereperceivedasasingleregionbasedon:
A.acommonculturalheritage.
B.uniquephysicalfeatures.
C.economicandpoliticalcharacteristics.
D.widespreadimmigrationfromotherregions.
8.WhichwasacommonfactorintheUnitedStatesthatcausedtheRedScarefollowingWorldWarIand
McCarthyismfollowingWorldWarII?
A.racialtensioninmajorcities
B.signsofeconomicdownturn
C.fearofcommunistexpansion
D.thecounterculturemovement
9.DuringWorldWarII,JapanesetroopsoccupiedmuchofChina.ThisweakenedtheChinesegovernment,andin
1949,communistforcesoverthrewthegovernmentandestablishedacommuniststate.Whateffectdidthe
ChineseCommunistRevolutionhaveonthedevelopmentoftheColdWar?
A.Itdecreasedtensions,becauseitledtotheformationoftheWarsawPact.
B.Itincreasedtensions,becauseitstrengthenedtheindependencemovementinIndia.
C.Itincreasedtensions,becauseitincreasedWesternfearsofcommunistexpansion.
D.Itdecreasedtensions,becauseitledtothecollapseofcommunismintheSovietUnion.
PartA
10.OnAugust6and9,1945,theUnitedStatesdroppedatomicbombsontheJapanesecitiesofHiroshimaand
Nagasaki.
HowdidtheSovietUnionrespondtothismilitaryaction?
A)ItacceleratedthepaceofitsmilitaryinvasionofGermany.
B)ItformedanalliancewiththeUnitedStatestosharenucleartechnology.
C)Itintensifieddevelopmentonandsuccessfullytesteditsownnuclearweapons.
D)ItwithdrewfrominternationalorganizationsinwhichtheUnitedStateswasalsoamember.
PartB
WhydidtheSovietUnionrespondinthewaythatyouidentifiedinPartA?
A)Itwantedtoquicklyendthewartoavoidfurthermilitarycasualties.
B)Itwantedtoretainpoliticalandmilitaryinfluenceinthepost-warworld.
C)Itwantednucleartechnologytobeavailableasacheapsourceofenergyafterthewar.
D)ItwantedtopursueapolicyofisolationismfollowingthedevastationcausedbyWorldWarII.
ShortAnswerQuestion
DuringtheColdWar,theUnitedStatesengagedinmilitaryactionsinbothKoreaandVietnam.Itsactionswere
successfulinSouthKorea,butnotinVietnam.Inbothinstances,however,theaimoftheUnitedStateswasthe
same.
DescribethepolicytheUnitedStateswaspursuingbyengaginginthesewars.