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Spring Final Exam Review 2015
Sources of Information: Use your notes, ppts and review material on teacher’s website, and
online resources.
Cells
1. What are the 3 components of the cell theory?
2. What are the levels of organization from smallest to largest?
3. In a plant cell, how does turgor pressure work?
Genetics and Types of Reproduction
1.
The new plant offspring are the result of ________________ reproduction.
True or False?
2. ______ The offspring receives the best genes from each parent
3. ______ The offspring receives all the genes of both parents
4. ______ The offspring receives all of the genes from the strongest parent
5. ______ The offspring receives a mix of genes from both parents
Define:
6.
Heredity –
7.
Trait -
8.
Gene –
Give an example:
9.
DNA –
Where is it found?
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10. Allele –
Give an example:
11. Phenotype –
Give an example:
12. Genotype –
Give an example:
13. Probability –
What role does probability play in genetics?
14. Dominant alleles - Use letters to explain.
15. Recessive alleles - Use letters to explain.
16. Purebred - Using T (tall) and t (short) and give an example of the meaning of “purebred”
17. Hybrid – Using T (tall) and t (short) and give an example of the meaning of “hybrid
18. Punnett Squares –
19. Asexual reproduction –
20. Sexual reproduction -
21. Fill in the following chart using the letter e.
Dominant Allele
Recessive Allele
Homozygous or Purebred
Dominant
Homozygous or
Purebred recessive
Heterozygous or
Hybrid
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22. Fill in the parents’ genotypes:
23. In purple people eaters, purple skin is dominant (P) and yellow skin is recessive (p).
What happens when you cross a homozygous dominant parent with a heterozygous parent?
What are the parent genotypes? _________________
Offspring Genotypes =
Offspring Phenotypes =
% of offspring that are Purple =
% of offspring that are yellow =
24. How many chromosomes do human body cells have? How many chromosomes do human
sex cells have?
25. What is the main function of chromosomes?
26. Compare and contrast the results of offspring from asexual and sexual reproduction using
the following parameters:
Parameters
Genetic material
Asexual
Sexual
Genetic diversity
Genetic traits
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Natural Selection and Dichotomous Keys
1. The diagram shows the variation in beaks. Which factor most contributes to beak
formation?
2. _________________ conditions result in tough, big seeds which favor _________ beaks.
3. ___________ conditions result in softer, smaller seeds which favor ___________ beaks.
Define these terms:
4.
Natural selection -
5. Variation –
6. Mutation -
7. Selective breeding/Artificial selection -
Answer these questions:
8. What are some traits plants may have to increase their survival?
9. What is the difference between natural selection and adaptations?
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10. Use the Dichotomous Key to identify the leaf.
List the steps by number that you follow.
Leaf Sample A
Leaf Sample B
Leaf sample A would be correctly classified as _____________. Step Numbers: ______________
Adaptations and Tropism
1. A tomato plant is grown outdoors in a container on the patio. A strong wind knocks the plant
over. Draw an illustration of what happens to the roots and the stem over the next few days in
response to being knocked over.
Draw the forces the plant is responding to.
Explain your drawing. What forces are involved and how is the plant is responding to
these forces?
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2. Forces act on a seed coat when a seedling emerges (germinates) from the seed.
Complete steps A,B,C,D:
A. Draw a seedling just before it emerges from the seed.
B. Draw the forces acting on the seed coat.
C. Label the forces you drew.
D. What causes this force to occur?
3. Explain how turgor pressure helps a seed to open.
4. When a plant wilts pores, called stomata, on the plant leaves close. Transpiration, or water
loss, occurs through these pores. How does wilting help the plant to maintain homeostasis?
5. Explain each type of tropism and draw a picture illustrating each process.
Tropism
Stimulus
Response
Gravitropism
Root grows downwards
Phototropism
Plant grows towards light
Hydrotropism
Root grows toward water
Illustration
Thigmotropism
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6. Explain how a tropism is beneficial for a plant?
7. A student wants to observe the effects of external stimuli (watering) on the growth of
the roots of a seedling. He designs an investigation. Predict how the roots of the
seedling will grow and explain why.
8.
Ecologists observing wolves in the wild have to be careful about getting too close to the
wolves. The ecologists do not want to disturb the wolves or their habitat. Another
reason they need to be careful is for their own safety. The wolves may run away from the
ecologists or they could attack instead. Explain how the wolves are responding to
external stimuli.
9. Plants that do not get sufficient water will lose turgor pressure and become limp. A plant
in this condition is likely to have difficulty __
A. taking in water
B. avoiding predators
C. absorbing sunlight
D. exchanging gases
10. When a plant’s vacuole is full of water, the turgor pressure keeps the plant __
A. wilted
B. rigid
C. coiled
D. limp
11. Define external stimulus and give an example.
12. What is an external response, give an example.
Human Body Systems
List the functions of each of the body systems.
Body System
Function
Muscular System
Skeletal System
Digestive System
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Circulatory System
Respiratory System
Excretory System
Immune System
Nervous System
Fill in: Types of Muscles
Muscle Type
Cardiac Muscle
Voluntary or
Involuntary
Where is it located
Smooth
Muscle
Skeletal
Muscle
1. Describe how skeletal muscles work in pairs.
2. Explain how the skeletal and muscular systems work together.
3. How does the skin help maintain body temperature when we sweat and when we shiver?
4. Complete the four examples of how our bodies maintain homeostasis
Stimulus
Bacterial infection
Eat bad food
Response
Hunger
Cold
Body temperature
rises
Lack of oxygen
5. What minerals are stored in bones?
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The Digestive System
1. What are the three main functions of the digestive system?
1.
2.
3.
2. Describe the two kinds of digestion?
Mechanical Chemical 3.
What is peristalsis?
4. Where does most mechanical digestion take place?
5. Where does most chemical digestion take place?
6. Why are villi so important in the digestive process?
7. Complete the table below:
Organ
Function
Mouth and Teeth:
a.
b.
b.
Type of digestion
(Mech.(Phys.)/Chem.
a.
Begins digestion of starch into sugars
b.
Muscle walls contract and relax pushing food down to
stomach
Stomach:
Stomach muscles
gastric juices (HCl, pepsin,
mucus)
Liver:
bile
a.
b.
a.
Pepsin breaks down protein into amino acids
(HCl kills bacteria, mucus protects the stomach lining
from the acid)
b.
Breaks (emulsifies) _______ into smaller globules
Pancreas: pancreatic juices
Small intestine: intestinal
juices
Breaks down food into smaller molecules and
reabsorbs water.
Reabsorbs water, waste is pushed through as muscles
of large intestine contract and relax
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The Circulatory System
1. Identify the three types of blood vessels with their functions:
carry blood away from the heart
tiny vessels where substances are
exchanged
carry blood back to the heart
2. Why does our heart rate change?
Fill in the missing information in the chart below:
Part
A
Blood Flow or Function
Oxygen rich blood flows into the aorta from the left
ventricle. It then flows out to the body.
B
Oxygen rich blood returns from the lungs. It then
flows into the left ventricle.
C
Valves prevent blood from flowing backwards.
D
Oxygen rich blood flows from the left ventricle into
the aorta.
E
The septum separates the oxygen poor blood from
the oxygen rich blood.
F
Oxygen poor blood flows from the right ventricle to
the lungs.
G
Oxygen poor blood returns from the body. It then
flows into the right ventricle.
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Fill in the missing information:
Part
A
Function
carry needed materials like oxygen
and glucose
B
fight disease
C
involved in blood clotting
3. Why are red blood cells shaped like round discs?
The Respiratory System
1. In the Respiratory System what two gases are exchanged and where does this exchange
occur?
Fill in the missing information:
Part
A
Function
Air moves from the nose downward into the pharynx. Also
known as your throat.
B
Plays a role in producing your voice. Also known as your
voice box.
C
Leads from the pharynx to the lungs
D
Air moves through smaller and smaller bronchi until it
reaches the alveoli
E
Dome shaped muscle that helps expand and contract the
chest cavity
F
Air moves from the trachea into the right and left bronchus.
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Excretory System
Fill in the missing information:
Part
A
Function
filter blood - they eliminate urea, excess
water, and some other waste materials
B
Urine flows from the kidneys through
these two narrow tubes to the urinary
bladder
C
Stores urine.
D
Urine exits the body through this small
tube
1. What 3 main substances are eliminated by the excretory system?
2. Explain the role that kidneys play in water balance (homeostasis).
The Nervous System
Identify the following:
Neuron
A bundle of nerve fibers
Type of nerve cell, picks up internal and external stimuli and converts them
into a nerve impulse
Motor neuron
Message a neuron carries
Part of a neuron that carries nerve impulses toward the cell body.
Part of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.
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Endocrine and Integumentary Systems
Fill out this chart for each gland shown:
Gland
Location
Function
Thyroid Gland
Adrenal Glands
Pancreas
Pituitary Gland
1. Label the layers of skin:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
2. Where are the nerves that are part of the somatosensory system located?
Keep going – one more page!
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You’re done! Make sure to study your notes and previous tests to prepare for the
final.
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