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Chapter 6 Lesson 3 The First Empires Pages 168-173 How did three great rulers build and maintain empires in Mesopotamia? At first Mesopotamia was made up of city-states. Each city-state was ruled by its own king. No one ruler controlled all of the city-states. An empire is a nation and the city-states and nations it has conquered. Three Empires • Akkad = Ruled by Sargon (the 1st Empire) • Assyria = Ruled by Shamshi-Adad • Babylonia = Ruled by Hammurabi Sargon of Akkad • Usurped the throne of the king of Kish (he was one of his servants) • Conquered all of Sumer’s city-states and tore down the walls of the cities. He united them into the first empire. • He faced repeated rebellion from those he conquered and invasions from enemies. Shamshi-Adad (Assyria) • Overthrew the King of Mari and made his own son king. • Held his lands together by trade and using force. • His empire would fall at the hands of the Babylonia ruler Hammurabi. Hammurabi – (Babylon) • Overthrew Samshi-Adad (Assyria) and conquered all of Mesopotamia. • Sent governors, judges, tax collectors and military commanders to his lands to maintain order • Created the Code of Hammurabi (the first set of 282 written laws). • His empire began to fall apart after his death (1750 B.C.) Hammurabi’s Code • One of the first set of written laws (in stone). • The 282 laws guaranteed that people couldn’t be punished at a ruler’s whim. • The Code covered all matters that were important to their lives (property, trade, jobs, marriage, family, etc.)