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Chapter 4, Lesson 1 Mesopotamian Empires page 113-116 Moore Middle School Sargon of Akkad Sargon created the world’s first empire. The language he spoke was Akkadian. Sargon was a servant of the king of Kish. Historians is believe he later killed the king to take the throne. He built a powerful army and founded a capital city, called Akkad, on the Euphrates River. Akkad conquered all the city-states and rulers of Sumer and made them into one kingdom. Later Sargon conquered northern Mesopotamia. The empire reached as far east as modern Iran and as far west as the Mediterranean Sea and maybe even reached to Egypt. Sargon of Akkad After Sargon’s death his son and Grandson ruled the empire. Over time the empire grew weak. The city-states struggled to regain independence. Enemies invaded. Around 2250 BC the Gutians form the Zargos Mountains invaded Akkad and Sargon’s empire collapsed. Rival Empires Power in Mesopotamia shifted to two new centers: Assyria in the north and Babylonia in the south. Assyria reached its peak of power under the rule of Shamshi- Adad. Shamshi-Adad was a great conqueror like Sargon. Shamshi-Adad held his empire together through both trade and force. His sons ruled parts of his rich kingdom. Shamshi- Adad and his sons never felt safe. They worried about neighboring Babylonia. Hammurabi A young Babylonian leader named Hammurabi was gaining power during the last years of Shamhi-Adad’s life. As Hammurabi began to extend his rule, he conquered Assyria and later all of Mesopotamia. Hammurabi sent governors, judges, tax collectors, and military commanders to all parts fo his empire to help maintain a strong central government. Hammurabi One of Hammurabi’s greatest achievements was writing an organized set of laws called the Code of Hammurabi. His code helped people live responsible, lawful lives. Please respond in complete sentences using text book page 1. How did three great rulers build and maintain empires in Mesopotamia? 2. What important change did Sargon make in the way Mesopotamia was governed? 3. Although their empires did not survive long after they died, in many ways Shamshi-Adad and Hammurabi were successful and capable rulers. Using the text book find support for this statement.