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FORMS OF ENERGY Open up and read through the Energy PowerPoint presentation (on www.mizellis.com ). Complete the following questions to show what you have learnt about energy. 1. Define energy: The capacity to do work (cause a change on something else) 2. Wood and food are sources of energy but what is the ultimate source of energy? The Sun 3. Use the table below to answer the following questions about energy. (a) What is the average energy gained from the food you eat in a day? 11000kJ (b) How many kilojoules of energy does a burning match produce? (c) Which has more energy stored in it, a car battery or 1 L of petrol? 1L petrol (d) Is there enough energy stored in a battery to boil a kettle of water? yes 10kJ Watch the BrainPop “Forms of energy” Answer the questions below to show your understanding of energy forms. 1. Recall FOUR types of energy. Electrical, gravitational potential, elastic potential, light 2. Identify the type of energy: (a) a person has when running. kinetic (b) a spring has when it is pulled. Elastic potential Complete the table below to identify ONE situation in which each form of energy is evident. Type of Energy Situation in which this type of energy is evident (ie. description and examples) Energy of movement eg. Rolling a bowling ball 1. kinetic energy (KE) 3. gravitational potential energy (GPE) stored energy (energy in any object which has the potential to do work) NB: the next 3 types of energy are of this type Energy of an object raised above surface of Earth eg. rock on a cliff 4. elastic potential energy (EPE) Energy of something stretched eg. stretched elastic band 2. potential energy (PE) Stored chemical energy eg. in an AA battery 5. chemical potential energy 6. nuclear energy Energy stored in nucleus of atom eg. in uranium fuel Energy in a sound wave eg. from a speaker 7. sound energy Thermal energy eg. from a fire 8. heat energy Energy in moving photons eg. from a torch 9. light energy 10. electrical energy Energy that is carried by moving charges. stored in batteries as chemical PE. CHAPTER 9 Core Science Stage 4: Unit 9.1 9.1 Types of energy 1. Types of energy and their sources Complete the following table by identifying energy sources for each energy type listed. Sources: fluorescent tube, uranium fission, chocolate bar, moving tennis ball, vibrating violin string, rubber band, battery, infra-red lamp Energy type Source Chemical potential Battery, chocolate bar Sound Vibrating violin string Light Infra-red lamp, fluorescent tube Electrical Battery Heat Uranium fission, Infra-red lamp, fluorescent tube, battery Elastic potential Vibrating violin string, rubber band Nuclear Uranium fission Kinetic Moving tennis ball, vibrating violin string, rubber band 2. Types of potential energy Potential energy can be classified as: gravitational PE, elastic PE, chemical PE. Classify each of the following examples into each category of potential energy. Category of potential energy Example Air brakes in a truck Elastic Wound watch spring Elastic Kerosene Chemical Sugar Chemical Depressed trampoline canvas Elastic Comet Gravitational Parachutist at the point of launch Gravitational 3. Energy transformation Describe the energy transformation illustrated. Elastic potential energy kinetic energy ENERGY TRANSFERS and CHANGES (TRANFORMATIONS) Watch the BrainPop “Kinetic Energy” and then “Potential Energy” Open up and read through the Energy Transfers (Changes) and Transformations PowerPoint presentation (on www.mizellis.com ) Answer the questions to show your understanding of energy change. 3. Use a suitable example to describe what is meant by: (a) an energy transfer Energy being passed from one object to another, for example heat energy being transferred from a fire to water in a billy. (b) an energy transformation Energy being changed from one form to another, for example electrical energy being changed to heat and light energy in a torch. 4. Outline the Law of Conservation of Energy. Energy can be neither created nor destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another. 5. Outline the different kinds of energy involved in a trampoline jump. Chemical energy in the body being converted to kinetic energy of body. The stretched trampoline has elastic potential energy which is converted to kinetic energy of the person who gains gravitational potential energy in any upwards movement. 6. Imagine riding your bike along a flat gravel road. If you brake suddenly, the bike eventually stops. It no longer has kinetic energy. However, the energy is not lost. Describe what happens to the kinetic energy. Due to friction of the brakes with the tyre and also the wheels with the road, the kinetic energy is converted to heat and a little bit of sound energy. Complete the table below. 7. ENERGY USED ENERGY CONVERTER ENERGY PRODUCED Electrical light globe Heat, light Electrical electric fan Mechanical/kinetic/sound Chemical PE petrol engine Sound, heat, kinetic kinetic turbine electric Chemical PE torch cell electrical Chemical PE steam engine Heat, sound, kinetic Nuclear PE atomic bomb Heat, sound, kinetic electrical Heating element heat Elastic PE catapult kinetic Gravitational PE waterwheel Mechanical/kinetic kinetic instrument sound Consider a solar-powered car. (a) What is the source of energy for a solar-powered car? Sunlight (b) What energy conversion occurs when the car is moving? Solar energy electrical energy kinetic energy (c) How would such car operate at night or on cloudy days? It couldn’t unless it was able to have a source of stored energy or if a UV lamp was shone on the panels.