Download November 16-17, 2016 Class Presentation

Items to pick-up:
Periodic Table of Elements (pink)
Periodic Table Notes
Periodic Table Coloring Activity
Instruction Sheet
Periodic Table Coloring Activity
Worksheet
DUE TODAY
RATE OF MELTING, BOILING, AND SOLUBILITY
LAB WORKSHEET (INDIVIDUAL)
Assigned 11/15/16
ON THE INSIDE - STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
WORKSHEET (INDIVIDUAL)
Assigned 11/15/16
PERIODIC TABLE COLORING ACTIVITY
WORKSHEET
http://www.drodd.com/images10/thanksgiving-wallpaper23.jpeg
DUE 11/18/16
SCIENCE FAIR PROJECT:
1.
Log Book Check #3
2.
Student Packet Pages 21 - 31
3.
Typed Rough Draft of Project
Report
Agenda Item
DUE 11/21/16
HOMEWORK - Student
Weekly Grade Tracking:
WEEK #15
Agenda Item
Admit Ticket
Vide
o Cl
ip
Watch HOW ATOMS
BOND: IONIC BONDS
video clip
https://science360.gov/
obj/video/
c8b6ed58-5791-4fc1-861962fd8d99d9d0/atomsbond-ionic-bonds
Exit Ticket
WO
RKS
HE
ET
MELTING POINT, BOILING,
AND SOLUBILITY LAB
CONTINUED…….
The Element Song
http://
www.privatehand.com/
flash/elements.html
Atoms
0 Matterisanythingthattakesupspaceandhasmass.
Allmatterismadeofatoms.
0 Atomsarethebasicbuildingblocksofmatter.They
makeupeverythingaroundus;Yourdesk,theboard,
yourbody,everythingismadeofatoms!
0 Atomsaretoosmalltoseewithoutpowerful
microscopes.
Atomic Structure
Therearetwobasiccomponentsineveryatom:
ElectronCloud
Nucleus
Subatomic Particles
Threesubatomicparticlesmakeupeveryatom:
SubatomicParticle
Charge
Location
Proton
Positive(+)
Nucleusor“Core”
Neutron
NoCharge(0)
Nucleusor“Core”
Electron
Negative(-)
ElectronCloud
Subatomic Particles
ElectronCloud:
• Electronsorbitthe
nucleus.
Nucleusor“Core”:
• ProtonsandNeutrons
arefoundinthe
nucleus.
AtomicTheory
Changes over time…
Atomic Theory
0 Becausewecannotseeatoms,weusemodelstoteach
andlearnaboutatoms.
0 Theatomictheoryhaschangedovertimeasnew
technologieshavebecomeavailable.
0 Remember:Scientificknowledgebuildsonpastresearchand
experimentation.
Democritus
■
460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes
the existence of the atom
■
He pounded materials until he made
them into smaller and smaller parts
■
He called them atoma which is Greek for
“indivisible”.
http://s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/1765183/democritus.png?1316996277
Democritus
■His
Theory:
All atoms:
■ Are small hard particles
■
Are made of a single material formed into
different shapes and sizes
■
Are always moving, and they form different
materials by joining together
Atomic Theory Timeline
Scientist
John
Dalton
Information
Allmatterismadeofatoms.
Atomsaretoosmalltosee,
indivisibleand
indestructible.Allatomsofa
givenelementareidentical.
Model
John Dalton
■
1803 - British chemist; elements combine
in specific proportions to form compounds
SolidSphereModelor
BowlingBallModel
ProposedbyJohnDalton
http://a5.files.biography.com/image/upload/c_fit,cs_srgb,dpr_1.0,h_1200,q_80,w_1200/MTE1ODA0OTcxNTk5OTU1NDY5.jpg
John Dalton
■
His Theory:
▪
All substances are made of atoms that cannot
be created, divided, or destroyed.
▪
Atoms join with other atoms to make new
substances.
▪
Atoms of the same element are exactly alike,
and atoms of different elements are different in
mass and size.
Dimitri Mendeleev
(Men-da-lay-ev)
■
In 1869 Russian chemist Dimitri Mendeleev
started the development of the periodic
table, arranging chemical elements by
atomic mass. He predicted the discovery of
other elements, and left spaces open in his
periodic table for them.
http://a5.files.biography.com/image/upload/c_fit,cs_srgb,dpr_1.0,h_1200,q_80,w_1200/MTE5NTU2MzE2MzEzMDYwODc1.jpg
Atomic Theory Timeline
Scientist
J.J.Thompson
Information
Discoveredthenegative
electron,andpredictedthat
therealsomustbeapositive
particletoholdthe
electronsinplace.
Model
J.J. Thomson
■
1897 - English chemist and physicist;
discovered 1st subatomic particles
PlumPuddingModelor
RaisinBunModel
ProposedbyJ.J.Thomson
https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/85/101085-004-E1192912.jpg
J.J. Thomson
■His
Theory:
■
Atoms contain negatively charged particles
called electrons and positively charged
matter.
■
Created a model to describe the atom as a
sphere filled with positive matter with negative
particles mixed in
■
Referred to it as the plum pudding model
Atomic Theory Timeline
Scientist
Ernest
Rutherford
Information
Discoveredthenucleusofanatom
andnamedthepositiveparticlesin
thenucleus“protons”.Concludedthat
electronsarescatteredinempty
spacearoundthenucleus.
Model
Ernest Rutherford
■
1912 - New Zealand physicist discovered
the nucleus
NuclearModel
ProposedbyErnest
Rutherford
https://historyoftheatom.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/ernest-rutherford.jpg
Ernest Rutherford
■His
Theory:
▪
Small, dense, positively charged particle
present in nucleus called a proton
▪
Electrons travel around the nucleus, but their
exact places cannot be described.
▪
Conducted the Gold Foil Experiment
https://sakai.ithaca.edu/access/content/user/jkleingardner/principles%20html%20slides/img/ch1/GoldFoil.jpg
Atomic Theory Timeline
Scientist
Neils
Bohr
Information
Concludedthatelectronsare
locatedinplanet-likeorbits
aroundthenucleusincertain
energylevels.
Model
Niels Bohr
■
1913 - Danish physicist; discovered
energy levels
BohrModelorPlanetaryModel
ProposedbyNielsBohr
http://www.azquotes.com/picture-quotes/quote-a-physicist-is-just-an-atom-s-way-of-looking-at-itself-niels-bohr-3-7-0770.jpg
Niels Bohr
■His
Theory:
▪
Electrons travel around the nucleus in definite
paths and fixed distances.
▪
Electrons can jump from one level to a path in
another level.
Erwin Shrodinger
■
1924 - Austrian physicist; developed the
electron cloud model
ElectronCloudModel
ProposedbyErwinSchrodinger
Erwin Shrodinger
■His
Theory:
▪
The exact path of electrons cannot be
predicted.
▪
The region referred to as the electron cloud,
is an area where electrons can likely be
found.
Atomic Theory Timeline
Scientist
Information
Model
Neutrons
James
Chadwick
Discoveredthatneutronswerealso
locatedinthenucleusofanatomsand
thattheycontainnocharge.
James Chadwick
■
1932 - English physicist; discovered
neutrons
■
His Theory:
▪
▪
▪
Neutrons have no electrical charge.
Neutrons have a mass nearly equal to the
mass of a proton.
Unit of measurement for subatomic particles
is the atomic mass unit (amu).
http://chadwicksphysics.weebly.com/uploads/1/7/3/4/17347989/3729228_orig.jpg
Scientist
(ManyScientists!)
TheModern
AtomicTheory
Information
Electronsdonotorbitthe
nucleusinneatplanet-like
orbitsbutmoveathigh
speedsinanelectroncloud
aroundthenucleus.
Model
Modern Theory of the Atom
■
Atoms are composed of three main subatomic
particles: the electron, proton, and neutron.
■
Most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in
the nucleus of the atom.
Modern Theory of the Atom
■
The protons and neutrons are located within
the nucleus, while the electrons exist outside of
the nucleus.
■
In stable atoms, the number of protons is equal
to the number of electrons.
Modern Theory of the Atom
■
The type of atom is determined by the number
of protons it has.
■
The number of protons in an atom is equal to
the atomic number.
Modern Theory of the Atom
■
The sum of the number of protons and
neutrons in a particular atom is called the
atomic mass.
■
Valence electrons are the outermost electrons.
Atom
electron
Proton
Neutron
www.thinkgeek.com/images/products/additional/large/periodic_magents_close.jpg
Atom
Neutrons
Electrons
Protons
Nucleus
Electron clouds
Atomic Number =
number of protons
Atomic Weight =
number of protons + number of neutrons
Protons =
Number of electrons
//village.wsfcs.k12.nc.us/lv/hswest/hp.nsf/Files/
potassium6/$File/atomic+number.bmp
19
K
Potassium
39.0938
Atomic Weight =
number of protons +
number of neutrons
39.0938 = 19 + neutrons
-19
-19
20.0938 neutrons
There cannot be 0.0928 of a
neutron, so this number is rounded
to 20 neutrons.
Hydrogen
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5x7EOiQ1y0
Alkali Metals
Halogens
Noble Gases
Alkaline Earth Metals
H
Transition Metals
Inner Transition
Metals
by Daniel R. Barnes, init: 11/03/2005
Hydrogen
Alkali Metals
Halogens
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFQPnHkQlZM
Noble Gases
Alkaline Earth Metals
H
He
Be
Transition Metals
F
Ne
Na Mg
Cl
Ar
Ca
Br
Kr
I
Xe
Li
K
Rb Sr
Cs Ba
Fr
At Rn
Ra
Inner Transition
Metals
by Daniel R. Barnes, init: 11/03/2005
Hydrogen
Halogens
Alkali Metals
Noble Gases
Alkaline Earth Metals
Transition Metals
Be
m
Na Mg
K
Ca
Rb Sr
Cs Ba
Fr
Ra
METALS
He
F
Ne
Cl
Ar
Br
Kr
I
Xe
LS
A
ET ids
M
llo
N
a
O
et
Li
N
H
At Rn
Inner Transition
Metals
by Daniel R. Barnes, init: 11/03/2005
Hydrogen
Halogens
Metalloids = Semimetals
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
(These words may mean something slightly
different from each other.)
Noble Gases
H
Li
He
Be
Na Mg
K
Ca
Rb Sr
Cs Ba
Fr
Transition Metals
B
Si
Ge As
Sb Te
F
Ne
Cl
Ar
Br
Kr
I
Xe
At Rn
Ra
Inner Transition
Metals
by Daniel R. Barnes, init: 11/03/2005
Metals
• Metals are lustrous
(shiny), malleable,
ductile, and are good
conductors of heat and
electricity.
• They are mostly solids
at room temp.
• What is one exception?
Nonmetals
• Nonmetals are the
opposite.
• They are dull, brittle,
nonconductors
(insulators).
• Some are solid, but
many are gases, and
Bromine is a liquid.
Metalloids
• Metalloids, aka semi-metals
•
•
•
•
are just that.
They have characteristics of
both metals and nonmetals.
They are shiny but brittle.
And they are semiconductors.
What is our most important
semiconductor?
Adapted by J. Phillips
Written by Liz Rosawww.middleschoolscience.com 2008
All images are from www.Chem4kids.com
•Each row is called a “period”
•The elements in each period have
the same number of shells
www.chem4kids.com
Except for He, it
has 2 electrons
•Each column is called
a “group”
•Each element in a
group has the same
number of electrons in
their outer orbital, also
known as “shells”.
•The electrons in the
outer shell are called
“valence electrons”
www.chem4kids.com
•Transition Metals
have slightly
different rules for
shells and valence
electrons.
•This is something
you will learn about
in High School
Chemistry.
www.chem4kids.com
www.chem4kids.com
www.chem4kids.com
• Helium is the exception in Group 8.
• Since it has just one shell, that shell can
only fit 2 electrons instead of 8.
• It is in this group because all the elements
have a full outer shell.
Exit Ticket
WO
RKS
HE
ET
Have
a great
day!
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