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Biology EOCT Review
1. Using the Venn Diagram, compare/contrast a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell.
prokaryote
eukaryote
2. In the following matrix, put a check in the box to show the organelle is present in
prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells, or both, and state in 1 sentence what the function of the
organelle is.
Organelle
Cell
membrane
Cell wall
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Endoplasmic
reticulum
(smooth)
Golgi
apparatus
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic
reticulum
(rough)
Vacuole
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Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Function
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Created by: J. Perry
3. What is homeostasis? Explain or illustrate what function the cell membrane plays in
homeostasis.
4. Draw a concept map with the central concept being ‘enzymes’. Include in your concept map
the following terms: substrate, protein, reactions, activation energy, 3-D structure.
5. There are 4 major classes of organic compounds, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids. Many people see these as polymers being made up of smaller components (these
may or may not be identical). In the matrix below, for each organic molecule, fill in what the
smaller units are of which it’s made, list one functional role, and one structural role in living
systems.
Organic
molecule
Carbohydrate
Unit
components
Function
Structure
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic acid
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6. Construct a mind map with the central concept ‘water’. A mind map is a combination
between a concept map and an illustration. With water as the central concept, illustrate
related aspects of water that depict the importance that water has for living systems.
Include in your mind map some of the properties of water, transport of materials (osmosis,
diffusion), and the chemical role (dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis) of water.
H2O
O
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7. Use the following graphic organizer to compare and contrast deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
and ribonucleic acit (RNA).
DNA/RNA
How they’re different
How they’re the same
8. Complete the following matrix about DNA. In the column for ‘structure’ describe what the
part is made of and in the ‘function’ column, describe what it does.
Part
DNA molecule
5-C sugar/phosphate
N-bases
codon
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Structure
Function
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9. As cells divide in the growth phase of the organism, it is necessary for each cell to receive
a copy of the genetic information. This process is called DNA replication. Develop an analogy
of this process that is as complete as you can make it. In your analogy, you should include
counterparts to the template strand, the newly replicated strand, the parts needed to
construct the new strand, and the enzyme, DNA polymerase, that oversees the replication.
10. There are 3 processes that are many times confused with one another. Replication is the
duplication of the DNA strands so that new cells get a complete copy of all of the genetic
information. Transcription is the copying of segments of the DNA information to an mRNA
strand so that the ‘plan’ can be taken out of the nucleus to direct the construction of some
protein. Translation is the use of the mRNA code by the ribosomes (rRNA) and the amino
acids brought in by the tRNA to assemble a protein. Use the following matrix and place a
check if the characteristic at the top of the column applies to the processes.
Process
Involves
DNA
molecule
Occurs in
cytoplasm
Involves
tRNA
Part of
protein
synthesis
Occurs
in
nucleus
Involves
nucleotides
Controlled
by enzymes
Involves
amino
acids
Uses ‘3letter
words’
Replication
Transcription
Translation
11. Use the following Venn diagram to compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
mitosis
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meiosis
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12. Many scientists point to 4 principles that summarize Mendel’s work. They are:
 Traits are inherited by individual units called genes
 If there are 2 or more forms of a gene, some forms may be dominant, others
recessive
 In most organisms that have sexual reproduction, there are 2 copies of each gene, one
from the father, the other one from the mother
 The different forms of genes usually segregate independently from one another
For each of the above principles, make a connection to the increased genetic variation that
one gets as a result of the meiotic divisions.
13. There are different ways that the sequence of N-bases can be changed during any of the
3 processes mentioned in # 10 above. These changes could be called mutations and can
naturally occur by deletions, replications, or substitutions and they can occur by exposure to
such things as chemicals or ionizing radiation. Using your text or any handouts, take the DNA
sequence of N-bases, ‘mutate’ it by deleting, replicating, or substituting a couple of bases,
transcribe the mutated stand to the mRNA sequence, and ultimately to a strand of amino
acids.
Un-mutated
_______________________________________________________
ATG CCC GAT TAA AGC AAA TAG CGC ATT TGA
DNA
_______________________________________________________
mRNA
_______________________________________________________
amino acids
Deletion mutation
_______________________________________________________
ATG CCC GAT TAA AGC AAA TAG CGC ATT TGA
DNA
_______________________________________________________
mRNA
_______________________________________________________
amino acids
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Replication mutation
_______________________________________________________
ATG CCC GAT TAA AGC AAA TAG CGC ATT TGA
DNA
_______________________________________________________
mRNA
_______________________________________________________
amino acids
Substitution mutation
_______________________________________________________
ATG CCC GAT TAA AGC AAA TAG CGC ATT TGA
DNA
_______________________________________________________
mRNA
_______________________________________________________
amino acids
How did each of the mutations affect the amino acid sequence when compared to the unmutated strand?
In #5, one of the organic compounds in the table was protein. Based on the changes in the
amino acid structures in the above problem, what 2 possible problems would a mutation cause
relative to and for which the proteins are coded?
14. DNA technology is used in forensics (GBI and local law enforcement agencies), medicine
(CDC, Emory University, and other medical institutions), and agriculture (major industry in
GA). Look up on the internet 1 example of a technology application in each of the areas above
and a 1 sentence summary of its use.
www.sbs.utexas.edu/mbierner/BIO212/lecturenotes/Practical%20Applications.pdf
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Area
Forensics
Application of technology
Medicine
agriculture
15. Use the graphic organizer to compare/contrast photosynthesis and respiration.
Photosynthesis/Respiration
How they’re different
How they’re the same
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16. Complete the event map below for photosynthesis.
What happens?
Where does it take place?
When does it happen?
Photosynthesis
Why does it happen?
‘Who’ is involved?
How does it happen?
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17. Complete the event map for respiration.
What happens?
Where does it take place?
When does it happen?
Respiration
Why does it happen?
‘Who’ is involved?
How does it happen?
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18. Use the matrix below to fill in a structure that aids organisms complete the function
listed at the head of each column. It may be a single organelle (for uni-cellular organisms) or
a complete system (highly ordered organisms). If the structure varies within the group of
organisms, indicate the range over which it varies.
Kingdom
Symmetry
Food
obtained
Reproduce
Interact or
detect
Digest food
Circulate
Support or
Excretory
nutrients
protection
System
environs
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protist
Animal-like:
Plant-like
Fungi-like
Fungi
Imperfect
Molds
Sac
Club
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Plants
Nonvascular
Vascular
non-seed
Gymno-
Angio-
Animals
Inverts.
Porifera
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Mollusks
Annelids
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Arthropods
Echinoderms
Invertebrate
Chordates
Vertebrates
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Aves
Mammals
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19. Write a 1-sentence summary about the following contributing factors to Darwin’s
observations and ideas that influenced his thinking in the formation of his theory of
evolution.
There were patterns of diversity that Darwin observed in his travels.
Living organisms compared with fossils Darwin collected.
The close proximity and very different climates of the Galapagos Is.
Hutton’s theory of geological change
Lyell’s Principles of Geology
Lamarck’s theory of evolution
Malthus’ ideas of human population dynamics
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20. Develop a concept map on the topic of natural selection. Include in your concept map
linking words to more fully explain the relationships between concepts. A minimum list of
concepts might include artificial selection, the environment, selective pressure, struggle for
existence, adaptations; this list is not meant to be all-inclusive, feel free to add more.
Natural
Selection
21. Use the Venn diagram below to compare/contrast viruses and living organisms.
viruses
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Living
organisms
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22. Use the matrix below to summarize the important points that each area provides as
evidence for evolution.
Evidence of evolution
Fossil record
Importance to theory
Geographic distribution of
living organisms
Homologous structures
Embryology
Genetics
Classification of living
organisms
Biochemical
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23. From the list provided, order the items from simplest level or organization to most
complex. With the ordered list, explain the rationale for the order.
Biome
Body system
Community
Organ
Population
Biosphere
Cell
Ecosystem
Organism
Tissue
24. Use the graphic organizer to compare/contrast the flow of energy and nutrients through
ecosystems.
Flow of energy/flow of nutrients
How they’re different
How they’re the same
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25. Starting with the sun, construct a simple food chain up to a 3rd order consumer. Around
this food chain and in a different color, construct a food web listing trophic levels.
26. How are the following 3 ecological pyramids related?
Energy pyramid
Biomass pyramid
Pyramid of numbers
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27. a) What do environmental changes have to do with successional changes (either primary
or secondary succession) in a community?
b) How are these environmental changes related to descent with modification?
28. Use the Venn diagram below to compare/contrast adaptations of animals and plants to
stressful environmental conditions. Do not forget both structural adaptations and behavioral
adaptations.
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Animal
adaptations
Plant
adaptations
29. Resistance to pesticides and bacterial resistance are 2 examples of organisms, insects
and bacteria, respectively, showing variation in their ability to survive stressful (to them)
environmental conditions. Explain how this might occur and the relationship to natural
selection.
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