Download HighFour General Sciences Round 9 Category A: Grades 4 – 5 Friday,

HighFour General Sciences Category A: Grades 4 – 5 Round 9 Friday, May 13, 2016 The use of calculator is not allowed. Answer #1: Explanation: Answer #2: Explanation: Answer #3: Explanation: Answer #4: Explanation: Answer #5: Explanation: C A terrestrial planet, telluric planet, or rocky planet is a planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. Within the Solar System, the terrestrial planets are the inner planets closest to the Sun, i.e. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
A Jovian planets are also known as gas giants. There are four Jovian planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. These four planets also comprise the outer planets. The term Jovian came from Jupiter, describing the other gas giants in our Solar System as Jupiter-­‐like.
D A terrestrial planet, telluric planet, or rocky planet is a planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. Within the Solar System, the terrestrial planets are the inner planets closest to the Sun, i.e. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
C Earth is the third planet from the Sun, the densest planet in the Solar System, the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets, and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.
D The smallest and largest planets in our solar system are Mercury and Jupiter, respectively. The smallest planet in regards to both mass and volume is Mercury—this tiny world is nearly 20 times less massive than Earth, and its diameter is about times 2 ½ smaller.
HighFour General Sciences Category A: Grades 4 – 5 Round 9 Friday, May 13, 2016 The use of calculator is not allowed. Answer #6: Explanation: Answer #7: Explanation: Answer #8: Explanation: Answer #9: Explanation: Answer #10: Explanation: A The tundra biome is an ecosystem situated near the North Pole in the Arctic Circle. It is by far the coldest of all biomes. The winters are extremely cold with temperatures typically below -­‐34° C.
B The caribou lives in the arctic tundra, mountain tundra, and northern forests of North America, Greenland, Scandinavia, and Russia. It is estimated that there are about 5 million caribou in the world. They were first domesticated in Norway and northern Asia and known as reindeer. People used them to pull their sleds, provide milk, meat and skins to build their tents.
D The Tundra has a lot of plant life within this biome. Some common plants include the bearberry, arctic moss, Caribou moss, Diamond leaf willow, Labrador Tea, Pasque Flower, and the Tufted Saxifrage. The animals in the tundra eat these plants to survive and gain energy to stay warm.
A The taiga is the largest continuous biome in the world. This biome is located in the northern part of the Northern Hemisphere and is in North America, Asia, and Europe. It stretches across Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Russia; spreading through the Northern Hemisphere.
D Winter, with it's freezing cold temperatures, lasts for six to seven months. Summer is a rainy, hot and short season in the taiga. Fall is the shortest season for taiga. Spring brings flowers, the frozen ponds melt, and the animals come out from hibernation.
HighFour General Sciences Category A: Grades 4 – 5 Round 9 Friday, May 13, 2016 The use of calculator is not allowed. Answer #11: Explanation: Answer #12: Explanation: Answer #13: Explanation: Answer #14: Explanation: Answer #15: Explanation: B In the deepest oceans, the waves will reach speeds exceeding 600 miles per hour (970 km/hr). When the tsunami enters the shoaling water of coastlines in its path, the velocity of its waves diminishes and the wave height increases.
D A tsunami is a series of waves, made in an ocean or other body of water by an earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption, or meteorite impact. Tsunamis can cause huge destruction when they hit coastlines.
D A drought is a period of below-­‐average precipitation in a given region, resulting in prolonged shortages in its water supply, whether atmospheric, surface or ground water. A drought can last for months or years, or may be declared after as few as 15 days.
D A whirlwind is a weather phenomenon in which a vortex of wind (a vertically oriented rotating column of air) forms due to instabilities and turbulence created by heating and flow (current) gradients. Whirlwinds occur all over the world and in any season.
A Seafloor spreading is a process that occurs at mid-­‐ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics.
HighFour General Sciences Category A: Grades 4 – 5 Round 9 Friday, May 13, 2016 The use of calculator is not allowed. Answer #16: Explanation: Answer #17: Explanation: Answer #18: Explanation: Answer #19: Explanation: Answer #20: Explanation: C Pangaea or Pangea (pronunciation: /pænˈdʒiːə/) was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It assembled from earlier continental units approximately 300 million years ago, and it began to break apart about 175 million years ago.
D Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core. The plates act like a hard and rigid shell compared to Earth's mantle. This strong outer layer is called the lithosphere. C Movements of tectonic plates create volcanoes along the plate boundaries, which erupt and form mountains. A volcanic arc system is a series of volcanoes that form near a subduction zone where the crust of a sinking oceanic plate melts.
C A seismograph, or seismometer, is an instrument used to detect and record earthquakes. Generally, it consists of a mass attached to a fixed base. During an earthquake, the base moves and the mass does not.
B An aftershock is a smaller earthquake that occurs after a previous large earthquake, in the same area of the main shock. If an aftershock is larger than the main shock, the aftershock is redesignated as the main shock and the original main shock is redesignated as a foreshock.